天然植物源多糖抗宫颈癌作用研究进展

Natural Plant-derived Polysaccharides Against Cervical Cancer:A Review

宫颈癌是全球高发的妇科恶性肿瘤,其发病隐匿,早期常无明显症状,13%的宫颈癌患者确诊时已处于疾病晚期,转移性宫颈癌5年生存率仅为16.5%。迄今为止,手术及放化疗方法仍是宫颈癌治疗的基本手段,但随着毒性、耐药性等不良反应问题的出现,使得这些疗法仍存在一定的局限。近年来,以多糖为代表的天然化合物被发现具有显著抗宫颈癌作用,受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。植物源多糖是天然多糖重要的组成部分,广泛分布在高等植物的根、茎、叶、花及果实中,是一种结构复杂的多聚体,也是有别于其他化合物的生物反应调节剂,在肿瘤、心血管、内分泌等疾病领域研究广泛。本研究通过查阅近20年文献,就天然植物源多糖抗宫颈癌作用及其机制研究展开综述,以期在抗宫颈癌新药研发方面带来新的突破。通过文献回顾,研究发现天然植物源多糖可通过抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖、促进宫颈癌细胞凋亡、抑制宫颈癌细胞侵袭和迁移、促进宫颈癌细胞自噬、阻滞宫颈癌细胞周期、调节上皮间质转化(EMT)、抗氧化损伤、抑制肿瘤血管生成、提高免疫调节活性、调控信号通路等方式有效发挥抗肿瘤作用。需要关注的是,在目前有关天然植物源多糖抗宫颈癌的研究中,部分天然多糖的生物利用度较低且有相当大比例的研究仍停留于体外实验,因此未来亟需开展更多有关天然植物源多糖抗宫颈癌的临床实验研究,以获取更加可靠的理论与实践依据。

Cervical cancer is a gynecological malignant tumor with a high incidence in the world.With the insidious onset and lack of obvious symptoms and signs in the early stage,13%of cervical cancer patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease,and the 5-year survival rate of metastatic cervical cancer is only 16.5%.So far,surgery and radiotherapy/chemotherapy are still the basic means for the treatment of cervical cancer.However,with the emergence of toxicity,drug resistance,and other side effects,there are still some limitations in the clinical application of these therapies.In recent years,natural compounds represented by polysaccharides have been found to have a significant anti-cervical cancer effect,which has attracted extensive attention from researchers in China and abroad.Widely distributed in the roots,stems,leaves,flowers,and fruits of higher plants,plant-based polysaccharides are important components of natural polysaccharides,as well as multimers with a complex structure and biological response regulators,which have been widely studied in the fields of cancer,cardiovascular,endocrine,and other diseases.This study reviewed the research on the anticervical cancer effect and mechanism of natural plant-derived polysaccharides by consulting the literature in the past 20 years to bring breakthroughs in the research and development of anti-cervical cancer new drugs.Through the literature review,the results indicated that natural plant-derived polysaccharides could exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation,promoting apoptosis,inhibiting invasion and migration,promoting autophagy,arresting cell cycle of cervical cancer cells,regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),resisting oxidative stress,inhibiting tumor angiogenesis,improving immunomodulatory activity,and regulating signaling pathways.It should be noted that in the current research on natural plant-derived polysaccharides against cervical cancer,the bioavailability of some natural polysaccharides is low and a considerable proportion of the research is limited to the in vitro experiment.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out more clinical experimental studies on the anti-cervical cancer of natural plant-based polysaccharides to obtain a more reliable theoretical and practical basis.