早产儿神经发育与肠道菌群关系的初步研究

A preliminary study on the relationship between neural development and gut microbiota in preterm infants

目的探讨早产儿神经发育与肠道菌群的关系。方法纳入2018年9月至2019年9月在湖南省儿童医院新生儿科住院治疗的66例早产儿,收集其入院第1次的粪便样本及临床资料。根据神经发育情况分成神经发育正常组、神经发育不良组,通过16S rDNA高通量测序技术提取粪便样本细菌DNA后进行生物信息学分析,比较两组间肠道菌群的组成和多样性差异。结果(1)神经发育正常组和神经发育不良组肠道菌群的Shannon指数分别为0.89(0.41,1.51)和1.01(0.47,1.31),两组多样性指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)神经发育正常组肠道菌群中双歧杆菌属、韦荣球菌属、Negativicutes纲菌群丰度显著较高(均P<0.05),神经发育不良组肠道菌群中链球菌属丰度显著较高(P<0.05),两组肠道菌群均以肠球菌属、埃希菌-志贺菌属为主。结论早产儿早期肠道菌群在属水平上以肠球菌属、埃希菌属为优势菌群。肠道菌群与早产儿神经发育相关,链球菌属丰度增加,双歧杆菌属、韦荣球菌属、Negativicutes丰度降低可能是早产儿神经发育不良的危险因素,早产儿早期肠道菌群的多样性可能与神经发育无明显相关性。

Objective To explore the relationship between the neural development of preterm infants and gut microbiota.Methods 66 premature infants who were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of Hunan Children′s Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in the study.Their fecal samples and clinical data from the first admission were collected.According to the neurodevelopment,the patients were divided into normal neurodevelopment group and neurodysplasia group.The bacterial DNA of fecal samples was extracted by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the composition and diversity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Results(1)The Shannon index of gut microbiota in normal neurodevelopmental group and neurodysplastic group was 0.89(0.41,1.51)and 1.01(0.47,1.31),respectively.There was no significant difference in diversity index between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)Bifidobacterium,veronica and negativites in the gut microbiota of the normal neurodevelopmental group were significantly higher(all P<0.05),and streptococcus in the gut microbiota of the dysplastic group were significantly higher(P<0.05).The gut microbiota of the two groups were mainly enterococcus and escherichia shigella.Conclusions At the genus level,enterococcus and escherichia are the dominant flora of early gut microbiota in preterm infants.Gut microbiota is related to the neural development of preterm infants.The increased abundance of streptococcus,and the decreased abundance of bifidobacterium,veronicus,and negativites may be risk factors for neurodysplasia of preterm infants.The diversity of gut microbiota in early preterm infants may not be significantly related to neural development.