中亚国家贫困问题、治理与成效

Challenges and Achievements of Poverty Governance in Central Asian Countries

独立以来,贫困成为中亚国家实现可持续发展的主要障碍。中亚国家的贫困问题有典型的地域差别和人群分层特征,并与各国整体经济发展进程密切相关。中亚各国高度重视对贫困问题的治理,将减贫事业视为国家长治久安的基本战略之一。各国针对减贫事业明确了相关国家发展战略,成立了专门的减贫机构或者社会保障部门,将解决就业问题视为现阶段减贫的核心任务,在促进居民增收、增加社会福利和对弱势群体给予充分权益保护方面制定了详尽政策。2020年后,国际社会出现的一系列危机对中亚国家经济和社会形势产生了负面影响,各国减贫目标的实现在世界经济放缓的背景下面临很大困难。对中亚国家来说,发展是减少贫困特别是消除极端贫困的关键,但各国受限于自身条件,发展无法一蹴而就。中亚国家在稳步推进国家发展的基础上,也借鉴了中国的减贫经验,对贫困人口进行精准识别,力求精准施策,有效分配用于减贫的社会资源。

Since their independence,poverty has become the main obstacle for Central Asian countries to achieve sustainable development.Poverty in Central Asian countries has typical regional differences and population stratification characteristics,which is closely related to the overall economic development process of each country.Countries in Central Asia have attached great importance to the governance of poverty and regarded poverty reduction as one of the basic strategies for their long-term stability.They have clarified relevant national development strategies for poverty reduction,set up special poverty reduction agencies or social security departments,and taken employment as the core task of poverty reduction at this stage.A detailed policy has been formulated for the increase of residence income,improvement of social welfare and full protection of rights and interests of vulnerable groups.After 2020,a series of crises in the international community have had a negative impact on the economic and social development of Central Asian countries.The realization of poverty reduction goals faces great difficulties in the context of the economic slowdown.For Central Asian countries,development is the key to reducing poverty,especially extreme poverty.However,due to the constraints of each country's own conditions,development cannot be achieved overnight.Besides steadily promoting national development,Central Asian countries have also learned from China's experience in poverty reduction,accurately identified the poor,and strived to implement precise policies and effectively allocate social resources for poverty reduction.