风险政治学视域下中国特色选贤任能委任制的制度风险防范及发展前景

Institutional Risk Prevention and Development Prospects of Merit-Based System of Selecting and Appointing Officials with Chinese Characteristics from the Perspective of Risk Politics

制度风险是风险政治学视域下极为重要的研究领域。制度既是人类对风险的理性自觉应对,也是重要的风险源。制度风险关涉制度本身和制度环境两个方面,既指制度自身缺陷导致出现违背制度目标、功能、价值等现象的风险,也包括制度环境对实现制度目标、功能、价值的干扰。作为具有中国特色社会主义制度属性的干部制度形式,选贤任能委任制有吸纳选拔干部和培养塑造干部、统筹配置干部资源、巩固执政党执政地位和维护执政党权威、践行社会主义民主政治等制度优势,也潜藏目标偏离、功能弱化、价值戕害、“劣币”效应等制度风险。本文将制度目标、制度功能、制度价值、制度环境四个因素作为制度风险的考察因素,分析它们对制度风险生成的影响和作用,厘清选贤任能委任制的制度优势和潜在风险,并在政治结构和制度环境中深入探讨制度发展与改革前景,为坚持和完善选贤任能制度,促进马克思主义政党建设以及推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供借鉴参考。

Institutional risk is an extremely important research field from the perspective of risk politics.Institution is not only a rational and conscious response of human being to risks but also an important risk source.Institutional risks involve two aspects:the institution itself and its environment.The former refers to the risks created by the defects of the institution itself such as the violation of its goals,functions and values,and the latter includes the interference of the institutional environment to the realiza-tion of institutional goals,functions and values.The merit-based system of selecting and appointing officials with Chinese charac-teristics has institutional advantages of absorbing and selecting officials,cultivating and shaping them,coordinating the allocation of leadership resources,consolidating the ruling position of the ruling party and maintaining its authority,and practicing socialist democracy politics,but it also brings institutional risks such as goals deviation,functions weakening,values impairment and“bad currency”effect.This article analyzes the impact and role of institutional goals,functions,values and environment on institu-tional risks generating,clarifies the institutional advantages and potential risks of merit-based system of selecting and appointing officials,deeply explores the prospects for institutional development and reform within the political structure and institutional environment,and provides reference for upholding and improving the merit-based system of selecting and appointing officials,promoting the building of Marxist political party,and modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance.