青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤心理体验的质性研究

A qualitative study on the psychological experience of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with depression

目的探讨青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤的心理体验,为采取针对性干预提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取15例经历过非自杀性自伤的青少年抑郁症患者进行半结构深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析、归纳、提炼资料。结果经历非自杀性自伤行为的青少年抑郁症患者的心理体验可以归纳为4个主题:来自学校的不良刺激长期蓄积,自我调节能力不足;来自家庭的关爱呵护不足,负性情绪无法释放;自伤前思想封闭拒绝交流,寻求帮助路径不畅;自伤后负性情绪得以释放,享受快感难以自制。结论青少年抑郁症患者容易发生非自杀性自伤行为,需要学校提供良好的支持教育,家庭营造舒心的氛围,双方共同为青少年提供有效的心理支持,以避免非自杀性自伤的发生,促进青少年的身心健康。

Objective To explore the psychological experience of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)in adolescents with depression,and to provide reference for taking targeted intervention measures.Methods A purposive sampling method was used to select 15 adolescents with depression who had experienced NSSI for semi-structured in-depth interviews.Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze,summarize and extract the data.Results The psychological experience of adolescents with depression who have experienced NSSI can be summarized into four themes:long-term accumulation of adverse stimuli from school and insufficient self-regulation ability;Inadequate care and attention from their family and inability to release their negative emotions;thought imprisonment,communication refusal and unsmooth of help seeking path before NSSI;negative emotions released and the pleasure is hard to control by themselves after NSSI.Conclusion Adolescents with depression are prone to NSSI,so schools need to provide good support education,families need to create a comfortable atmosphere,both parties jointly provide effective psychological support for teenagers,in order to avoid the occurrence of NSSI and promote adolescents′physical and mental health.