论五山汉诗对山谷诗法的受容与实践——以五山后期为中心

On the acceptance and practice of Gozan Chinese poetry to Shangu poetics:centered on the late period of the Gozan poetry

得益于中日文化交流日益密切的历史环境,日本五山禅僧接触到中国传统诗歌。他们好以唐宋文学家为学习范本创作汉诗,尤其是黄庭坚的诗法理论对五山禅僧的汉诗创作有莫大的影响。五山文学中没有独立专门的诗法理论著作,并不具备汉文化背景的异域创作者们,从黄庭坚作品中获取创作法门。在字法方面,可以发现五山诗僧特别强调对用字的锤炼,并且要求作诗字字有来处。句法的内涵包括诗歌的声律节奏、句式、修辞、语法、偶对等诗歌语言创造各个方面的因素。五山诗僧对句法的运用全在其个人理解,他们常常在诗歌中提到“句法”,并多数自觉地将学习的源头追溯至黄庭坚,而且受黄庭坚影响,其诗歌创作追求“生新”“语工”与“气象”。

Thanks to the historical environment of the increasingly close cultural exchanges between Chi-na and Japan,the Buddhist monks of Gozan in Japan came into contact with traditional Chinese poetry.They were good at writing Chinese poems following the poets in Tang and Song dynasties.Huang Tingjian’spoetics had a great influence on the Buddhist monks of Gozan.There were no specialized poetics works from the Gozan writers.Without any Chinese cultural background,these foreign writers learned from Huang Tingjian’s works.As for diction,the Gozan Buddhist monks put a particular emphasis on the use of words and required that ev-ery word should have a source.In poetry,syntax includes the rhythm,sentence pattern,rhetoric,grammar,antithesis,as well as all the other aspects of the creation of poetic language.The Gozan Buddhist monks used syntax based on their personal understanding.They often mentioned“syntax”in their poems and most of them consciously traced the source to Huang Tingjian.Their pursuit of poetic creation is to achieve“innovation”,“language technology”and“atmosphere”.