榆树新害虫——斑柄纹潜叶蜂生物学特性

Biological characteristics of Kaliofenusa sp. harming Ulmus pumila

观察研究潜叶危害榆树的新害虫—斑柄纹潜叶蜂Kaliofenusa sp.形态特征和生物学特性。结果表明:斑柄纹潜叶蜂在山东商河1 a发生1代,以预蛹在树冠下方2~15 cm深的土层内结茧越冬;3月中下旬成虫羽化,4月下旬幼虫孵化,危害期25~30 d,5月下旬幼虫几乎全部老熟落地入土越夏、越冬。发生严重时,虫叶率达75%以上,单叶受害面积可达95%以上。大枝条基部起第6,1,4层枝梢叶片受害率高,第15,17,10层枝梢的叶片受害率低,成虫产卵时对各层枝梢选择无明显差异性;各层枝梢中,基部起第4,3,5片叶受害多,第1,9,10片叶几乎不受害。目前仅发现雌成虫。幼虫共6龄,各龄平均头宽分别为0.23,0.34,0.44,0.58,0.72,0.85 mm。依据生物学特性提出防治建议。

The morphological and biological characteristics of Kaliofenusa sp.harming Ulmus pumila were observed and studied.The results showed that Kaliofenusa sp.had one generation a year in Shanghe county,Shandong province;the prepupae wintered in the soil cocoon in 2-15 cm depth from the ground under the crown;the adults emerged in mid and late March,the larvae hatched in late April,and the damage period lasted for 25-30 days,almost all the mature larvae fell in late May and entered the soil for living through summer and winter.When it occurred seriously,the rate of leaves with larvae was more than 75%,and the damaged area of single leaf was more than 95%.The rates of leaf with larvae on the 6th,1st and 4th layers from the base of big branch were the higher,and that on the 15th,17th and 10th layers were the lower.No significant difference was detected on the selection of branches from different layers during oviposition;the 4th,3rd and 5th leaf from base branch were more seriously damaged,and the 1st,9th and 10th leaves were hardly damaged.Only female adults have been found up to now.The larva had 6 instars,the average head width were 0.23,0.34,0.44,0.58,0.72,0.85 mm,respectively.Prevention suggestions were provided based on bionomics.