认真对待司法巡回的国家治理功能:基于最高人民法院巡回法庭功能迁移的考察

Taking the Function of State Governance of the Judicial Circuit Seriously:An Investigation based on the Functional Change of the Circuit Courts of the Supreme People's Court

国家治理现代化亟须司法的全面参与。司法解释、指导性案例及司法的政策参与对于司法统一有其必要,但对塑造司法规则之治、强化国家治理功能而言仍有不足。作为制度性建构的最高人民法院巡回法庭对于国家治理现代化而言有功能性意义,但在实践中又存在职能定位在案件分流与统一法律适用之间摇摆,涉诉信访案件的广泛受理阻碍巡回法庭统一法律适用的功能发挥等潜在困境,使其经由司法巡回达到国家治理的功能受阻。因而需要以法治思维为导向正视最高人民法院巡回法庭在运行过程中的功能迁移,即从聚焦于纠纷解决逐步转向司法统一、规则治理的关注,从司法改革先行试错的“试验田”转向创新机制呈现的“示范区”,以服务于国家治理法治化的历史进程。

The modernization of national governance urgently requires the full-scale participation of the judiciary.Judicial interpretation,guiding cases and judiciary's policy participation are required for the judicial unification,buts still insufficient for shaping the judicial rule of norms and strengthening the function of national governance.As an institutional construction,the circuit courts of the Supreme People's Court has functional significance in the modernization of national governance,but in practice there are potential difficulties that the functional orientation sways from the cases separation and unified application of laws,and the extensive acceptance of cases of litigation-related letters and visits hinders the full play of the circuit courts'role in unifying the application of laws,thus imposing obstacles on the function of national governance through judicial circuit.Therefore,it is necessary to face up the functional change of the circuit courts of the Supreme People's Court in the process of operation,that is,gradual shift from focusing on dispute resolution to paying attention on judicial unification and rule governance,and from"experimental field"of the pilot and test of judicial reform to the"demonstration area"of showing the innovation mechanism,thus serving the historical process of the rule of law in national governance.