环境规制对企业出口行为的影响——来自欧盟WEEE指令和RoHS指令的实证分析

Environmental Regulation and Firm Exports:Evidence from the WEEE and RoHS Directives in the EU

本文以2004年欧盟各成员国WEEE指令和RoHS指令的立法通过为准自然实验,考察欧盟环境规制对2004年之前进入欧盟电器电子产品市场的中国企业相关出口行为的影响。结果发现:欧盟双指令显著降低了样本企业向欧盟出口电器电子产品的规模,且企业的出口边际和集约边际均受到了负面冲击;样本企业中,加工贸易企业、外资企业和低劳动生产率企业受欧盟双指令的负面影响较大。机制分析发现,成本提升是欧盟双指令显著降低样本企业出口的重要途径;欧盟双指令虽然促进了企业创新,但并未因此对样本企业出口造成有利影响。另外,欧盟双指令显著降低了样本企业对欧盟电器电子产品市场的依赖程度,但企业并未表现出市场退出行为。

Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the WEEE and RoHS directives proposed by EU member states in 2004,this paper examines the impact of environmental regulations of the EU on export behaviors of Chinese firms engaged in electrical and electronic equipment(EEE)in the EU􀆰The results are as follows􀆰The EU directives significantly reduce the volume of EEE exported to the EU,and both extensive and intensive margins are negatively impacted􀆰Firms in processing trade and foreign-funded firms are more likely to be affected by the directives,and the same is true for those with lower labor productivity􀆰While environmental regulations tend to de-crease firm export via induced production costs,the directives have nothing to do with firms􀆳ex-port behaviors via inspired innovation􀆰Finally,in face of the regulations,involved Chinese ex-porters have reduced their dependence on the EU market,increasing the export of EEE to non-EU market􀆰However,the directives have neither induced firm to exit the EEE market in the EU,nor forced Chinese exporters to exit the EU market,suspend export or end their business ac-tivities.