巴基斯坦民族国家建构过程的道路之争及其影响

The Contested Pathways and Impacts of Nation-Building Process in Pakistan

巴基斯坦自1947年获得独立地位以来在政治上大体继承了英国殖民时期的政体“衣钵”,作为一个新兴的民族国家,它本可以在借鉴他国经验的基础上不断完善适合本国国情的政治制度。然而,亲西方势力与反西方势力间的不断博弈,不仅模糊了巴基斯坦在建构民族国家之路上的制度设计,而且配套制度与主体制度之间的张力问题以及主体制度内部的矛盾也极大限制了这个国家发展前行的速度。本文一方面借助弗朗西斯·福山提出的国家建构理论学说厘清了巴基斯坦建构民族国家历程中的道路之争问题,另一方面探讨了争夺国家发展主导权的过程对其民族国家建构所造成的影响。

Since gaining independence in 1947,Pakistan has inherited the British colonial political system,which has influenced its approach to constructing a nation-state.This paper explores how Pakistan s political system could have been improved based on the experiences of other countries but has faced challenges due to the continuous struggle between pro-Western and anti-Western forces.This struggle has led to ambiguities in institutional design and tensions within the supporting and main systems,hindering the country s development.Drawing insights from Francis Fukuyama s theory of nation-building,this study examines the dispute over the path of constructing a nation-state in Pakistan and the impact of the power struggle on the nation-building process.