山西省科技工作者健康自我管理能力现状及影响因素

Status quo and influencing factors of health self-management ability of scientific and technological workers in Shanxi Province

目的调查山西省科技工作者健康自我管理能力现状及其影响因素。方法本研究为横断面调查研究。采用一般情况调查问卷、成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表,对于2022年1—9月在山西医科大学第一医院接受健康体检的467例科技工作者进行问卷调查,并采集其体检当日身高、体重、体重指数、空腹血糖、血脂、血尿酸。采用多元线性回归分析探索健康自我管理能力影响因素,并通过Pearson和Spearman相关分析法分析健康自我管理能力和检查结果间的相关性。结果467例科技工作者健康自我管理能力总得分为(153.7±16.5)分;多元线性回归结果显示医保类型、健康状况自评、熬夜情况、睡眠质量为健康自我管理能力的独立影响因素(R2=0.141,调整后R2=0.120,F=6.771,P<0.001);健康自我管理能力与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关(r=0.114),行为分量表与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关(r=0.107),环境分量表与血尿酸呈负相关(r=-0.103)、与甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.118),与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关(r=0.129),认知分量表与甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.125),以上均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论山西省科技工作者健康自我管理能力属于中等偏上水平,受医保类型、健康状况自评、熬夜、睡眠质量的影响,提示可通过强化科技工作者健康信念,提供更便捷舒适的工作环境,减少其熬夜频率,提高其睡眠质量等方式来提升其健康自我管理能力。

Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of health self-management ability of scientific and technological workers in Shanxi Province.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Using the general situation questionnaire and the adult health self-management ability evaluation scale,467 scientific and technological workers who received physical examination in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2022 to September 2022 were investigated by questionnaire,and their height,weight,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,blood lipids and blood uric acid were collected on the day of physical examination.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of health self-management ability,and Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between health self-management ability and examination items.Results The total score of health self-management ability of 467 scientific and technological workers was(153.7±16.5).The results of multiple linear regression showed that the type of medical insurance,self-assessment of health status,staying up late,and sleep quality were independent influencing factors of health self-management ability(R2=0.141,adjusted R2=0.120,F=6.771;P<0.001).Health self-management ability was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein(r=0.114),behavioral subscale was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein(r=0.107),environmental subscale was negatively correlated with uric acid(r=-0.103),triglyceride(r=-0.118),and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein(r=0.129),and cognitive subscale was negatively correlated with triglyceride(r=-0.125),all of which were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The ability of health self-management of scientific and technological workers in Shanxi Province belongs to the upper middle level,which is affected by the type of medical insurance,the self-assessment of health status,staying up late,and the quality of sleep.It is suggested that the ability of health self-management of scientific and technological workers can be improved by strengthening their health beliefs,providing a more convenient working environment,reducing the frequency of staying up late,and improving their sleep quality.