福建海岛型新石器遗址出土陶片的地球化学特征及其指示意义

Cultural exchange indicated by geochemical characteristic of pottery from neolithic island type sites in Fujian Province,China

福建平潭是华南地区新石器时期海岛型遗址的主要分布区之一,也是南岛语族从福建向南太平洋岛屿传播的关键区域。该时期典型遗址出土的陶器作为最直接的文化遗存,对于研究区域内文化交流和传播过程有重要作用。基于主成分分析和聚类分析方法,以福建平潭海坛岛北部壳丘头遗址、东花丘遗址和龟山遗址出土陶片为研究对象,分别测试了10件典型陶片和52个土壤样品的地球化学元素,以此为基础分析区域内不同文化时期的史前文化交流特征。同时结合闽东沿海地区的地理环境演化和史前人类活动,探讨这一文化交流特征产生的原因。结果表明:①陶片化学元素组成分析显示壳丘头、龟山、东花丘3个遗址的陶土原料和产源地离散性弱,说明3个遗址在制陶取土环境上存在相似性;但龟山遗址D01号陶片化学元素组成与剩余陶片和遗址土样存在较大差异。②主成分和聚类分析结果指示出自壳丘头文化期至黄瓜山文化期平潭地区有人类活动范围扩大和文化交流增加的趋势。③海平面波动、史前人类文化的延续和陶器烧制技术的提高是福建沿海地区文化交流增加的原因。

Pingtan of Fujian Province is one of the main distribution areas of neolithic island-type sites in the South of China,and a key area of the spread of Austronesian civilization from Fujian to the South Pacific islands.Pottery from typical sites of this period,as the direct cultural remain,plays an important role to analyse the process of cultural exchange of the study area.Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the geochemical elements of 10 piece of pottery and 52 soil samples from the Keqiutou site,Donghuaqiu site and Guishan site in the northern Haitan Island in Pingtan,Fujian Province were examined to analyze the characteristic of prehistoric cultural exchange in different cultural periods.Meanwhile,combining with the environment evolution and prehistoric human activities in Fujian coastal zone,this study discussed causes of the cultural exchange.The results showed that:1)The dispersion of the chemical element composition of pottery was weak among three sites,which mean the similarities in material and source of pottery.However,the chemical element composition of pottery sample D01 in Guishan site is different from the remaining pottery and site soil samples.2)The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis indicated that the range of human activities and cultural exchange increased from Keqiutou culture period to Huangguashan culture period in Pingtan area.3)Sea level fluctuation,the continuation of prehistoric human culture and the spread of pottery firing technology are causes of the increase of cultural exchanges in Fujian coastal zone.