官员问责难题与西方话语霸权祛魅

The Challenge of Official Accountability and Disenchantment of Western Discourse Hegemony

问责是以归因为基础,以课责为关键的反映问责人与责任人控权关系的机制。在学理上,官员问责存在职责交叉难题、责任归因难题、多种惩罚逻辑的课责难题,本质上是复杂治理形势与民主政治要求之间张力的产物,是全球公共行政现象。但西方学界对中国官员问责制存在两种话语霸权:一种社会中心主义问责观聚焦于选举政治上,关注于选民在问责上的主体地位,忽视国家自身的归因需求和课责能力,称中国没有问责制;一种中国威权主义问责观聚焦于课责机制上,认为中国威权国家政体“无需”和“无力”课责,带有明显的意识形态攻击。面对西方的问责话语霸权,国内问责研究需批判意识形态攻击,并摆脱理论贫困,从实践中挖掘中国官员问责特殊性,从理论上提升中国官员问责解释的普遍性。

Accountability is a mechanism based on attribution and punishment to reflect the relationship between the accountee and the accountor.Official accountability faces the challenge of cross-duty,responsibility attribution and different punishment logic.It is the result of tension between complex governance and democratic politics and it is a global phenomenon.However,there are two kinds of discourse hegemony in Western academia about Chinese officials accountability:one Sociocentrism accountability perception,focusing on electoral politics and voters'status in accountability,ignoring the State's attribution needs and punish ability,claiming that China has no accountability system;another can be called Chinese authoritarian accountability perception,focusing on the punishment mechanism,believing that China's authoritarian regime"does not need and be powerless"of accountability,accompanying with obvious ideological attack.Confronting with Western discourse hegemony,our researchers need to criticize ideological attack,get out of theory poverty,dig out the particularity of Chinese practice and theoretically improve the universality of explanations.