马克思主义视域下“技术封建主义”思潮批判

Critique of Techno-Feudalism from the Perspective of Marxism

“技术封建主义”是近期西方新兴的一种思潮,在左翼与右翼学者之中都有较大影响力。该理论认为,信息技术的变革带来了资本主义向封建主义的“复归”,数字产权、平台垄断与集中化使得资本家成为封建领主式的食利者,以投资、创新与利润为驱动的资本主义生产方式逐渐被以暴力征收租金的封建生产方式所取代,而劳动者人身依附关系的增强以及新等级制的出现则对民主政治构成威胁。技术封建主义具有很强的迷惑性,本质上是旧有理论无力解释信息时代资本主义新变化的产物,也反映出西方左翼学者日益远离马克思的危险趋势。本文在详细梳理西方学界主要观点的基础上,结合马克思主义视角阐明技术封建主义的起源、本质及其内在弊端,并尝试分析后期资本主义的新变化及左翼理论的未来出路。

"Techno-Feudalism"is a newly rising thoughts in the west,which has wide influence among scholars from both the left and the right.Techno-Feudalism assumes that information technology has caused a retrogression from capitalism to feudalism,with digital rights and monopolistic internet platform,capitalists are becoming land lords and rentiers,and the capitalism mode of production featured with investment,innovation and profit is replacing by the feudalism mode featured with forced expropriation and rent;Moreover,information technology is leading to new hierarchy and caste system,thus bringing about potential threat to democracy.The theory of Techno-Feudalism is confusing,it essentially reflects that traditional theory has failed to explain the new changes of capitalism in the digital age and most western left-wing scholars are departing from Marx.This article examines most of the western scholars'view about Techno-Feudalism,aiming at depicting a full image of the theory and making critique from the angel of Marxism,meanwhile,by analyzing the new changes in current capitalism,we attempt to provide possible solutions to the left-wing's theory in the future.