豫西靠崖窑院式民居营造特色与文物保护修缮技术研究——以巩义市牛状元府为例

Study on the Characteristics of the Courtyard Style Dwellings Near Cliff Kilns in Western Henan and the Techniques for Protecting and Repairing Cultural Relics:A Case of Niuzhuangyuan Mansion in Gongyi City

豫西靠崖窑院式民居是我国黄土高原地区中典型的民居形式之一,而牛状元府作为豫西靠崖窑院式民居的典型代表,其建造历史、建筑组成及建筑营造技术对当今仍有一定的指导作用。但长时间以来,由于自然灾害和人为等因素,文物本体各部分出现了不同程度的损害。文章通过对牛状元府现状勘察,总结靠崖窑院式民居的营造特色,依据文物本体现状勘察发现的残损病害类型、特征及程度,提出有针对性的文物保护修缮策略,为今后窑洞建筑修缮保护提供理论支撑与实践范例。

The courtyard style dwellings near cliff kilns in western Henan is one of the typical residential forms in the Loess Plateau region of China.As a typical representative of the courtyard style dwellings near cliff kilns in western Henan,Niuzhuangyuan Mansion’s construction history,architectural composition and architectural construction technology still have a certain guiding role for today.However,for a long time,due to natural disasters and human factors,various parts of the cultural relics have been damaged to varying degrees.Based on the investigation of the current situation of Niuzhuangyuan Mansion,this paper summarizes the characteristics of the construction of the courtyard style dwellings near cliff kilns.According to the types,characteristics and degree of damage and disease found in the investigation of the cultural relics,this paper puts forward targeted strategies for the protection and repair of cultural relics,which provides theoretical support and practical examples for the repair and protection of cave buildings in the future.