我国航空公司绿色创新效率及其影响因素研究

Research on Green Innovation Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors of Chinese Airlines

“双碳”目标的提出更加坚定了我国建设绿色民航的决心。文章从绿色创新效率角度出发,引入二氧化碳排放量为非期望产出指标,构建航空公司投入-产出指标体系,从静态与动态两方面着手,利用超效率SBM模型与ML指数分析模型,测度我国三大航空公司以及海南航空公司、吉祥航空两家民营航空公司2016—2021年的绿色创新效率,并利用Tobit模型对绿色创新效率的影响因素进行探索性分析。结果表明:五家航空公司在2016—2021年间绿色创新效率总体上升14.88%,其中六年间,南航效率均值最高,为0.8776,比效率均值最低的吉祥航空高出13%;研究期内全要素生产率均值起伏较大,2018—2020年的全要素生产率退步了40.59%,原因是科技创新和组织创新水平的下降;飞机日利用率、综合载运率、市场占有率对航空公司绿色创新效率呈现出明显的正向影响。目前,我国航空公司的绿色创新效率还处于无效状态,未来还需要重视科技创新在航空领域的作用。

The proposal of the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"goals has strengthened China's determination to build green civil aviation.From the perspective of green innovation efficiency,this paper introduces carbon dioxide emissions as an undesired output index,constructs an airline input-output index system,starts from both static and dynamic aspects,uses ultra-efficient SBM model and ML index analysis model,measures the green innovation efficiency of China's three major airlines and two private airlines,Hainan Airlines and Juneyao Airlines,from 2016 to 2021,and uses the Tobit model to explore the influencing factors of green innovation efficiency.The results showed that the green innovation efficiency of the five airlines increased by 14.88%from 2016 to 2019,and in the six years,China Southern Airlines had the highest average efficiency of 0.8776,which was 13%higher than Juneyao Airlines,which had the lowest average efficiency.During the study period,the average total factor productivity fluctuated greatly,and the total factor productivity from 2018 to 2020 regressed by 40.59%,due to the decline in the level of scientific and technological innovation and organizational innovation.The daily utilization rate,comprehensive load factor and market share of aircraft have a significant positive impact on the green innovation efficiency of airlines.At present,the green innovation efficiency of Chinese airlines is still in an ineffective state,and it is necessary to pay attention to the role of scientific and technological innovation in the aviation field in the future.