多种货物一种车型轻重搭配问题简便解法研究

Study on Simple Solution to the Problem of Light and Heavy Match of Multiple Goods and One Vehicle Type

多种货物配载问题是复杂的多目标组合优化问题,有效解简便法较少。现有智能启发式算法繁琐、求解时间长,有些方法易陷入局部最优解,影响优化程度。为了克服这些问题,把装载体积最大、重量最大、所需车辆数最少这三个目标转化为单一目标,有效运用规划解法,提出新的简便解法。新解法采取两种措施,措施一:以车辆载重和容积分别为装载货物体积与重量的权重,使装载体积最大、重量最大这两个目标函数转化为单一目标;措施二:以最优解下限车辆数为目标求解,若得可行解,则获得满意近似最优解,多数情况下为最优解,否则最优解下限加1、加2再求解,直到求出可行最优解或满意近似最优解为止。新方法借助Excel规划求解,方法简单、易于掌握、优化程度高。

Multi cargo stowage problem is a complex multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem,and there are few simple and effective solutions.The existing intelligent heuristic algorithm is cumbersome,takes a long time to solve,and some methods are easy to fall into the local optimal solution,which affects the degree of optimization.In order to overcome these problems,the three objectives of maximum loading volume,maximum weight,and minimum number of vehicles required are converted into a single objective,and a new simple solution is proposed by effectively using the planning solution.The new solution takes two measures:One is to take vehicle load and volume as the weight of the volume and weight of loaded goods,so that the two objective functions of maximum loading volume and maximum weight can be converted into a single objective;measure 2:Take the number of vehicles at the lower limit of the optimal solution as the target.If a feasible solution is obtained,a satisfactory approximate optimal solution will be obtained.In most cases,it will be the optimal solution.Otherwise,the lower limit of the optimal solution will be solved by adding 1 or 2 until a feasible optimal solution or a satisfactory approximate optimal solution is obtained.The new method is simple,easy to master and highly optimized with the help of Excel programming.