抗战胜利后福州救济院的危机与转型

Crisis and Transformation of Fuzhou Relief House After the Victory of Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期,福州曾两度遭遇战火,出于战时社会救济的迫切需求,1937年,成立福州救济院。然而,战后福州市政府的社会动员能力不足,财政日渐困难,因此引入民间力量,尽量鼓舞人民参与地方救济事业,采取“发动士绅办理”“政府协助运营”的办法,以期打破救济事业之发展僵局。但由于救济院制度化是利用政府的强制力量开展起来的,当政府权力衰微,救济机构就会逐渐散漫。在当时缺乏一个强有力政府和稳定社会环境的背景下,救济院的发展终究是昙花一现。

During the Anti-Japanese War,Fuzhou was twice caught in the flames of war.Out of the urgent need of social relief during the war,Fuzhou Relief House was established in 1937.However,after the war,the government of Fuzhou city had insufficient social mobilization ability and financial difficulties.Therefore,it introduced folk forces to encourage people to participate in the local relief cause as much as possible,and adopted the method of"activating the gentry to handle"and"the government's assisting the operation"in order to break the deadlock in the development of relief cause.However,since the institutionalization of the relief house was carried out by the coercive power of the government,when the government power was weak,the relief institution would gradually loose.In the absence of a strong government and a stable social environment at that time,the development of the relief house was ultimately short-lived.