异相缔合性多维聚季铵盐复合净水材料的简易合成及应用

Facile synthesis and application of heterogeneous association multi-dimensional polyquaternium composite water purification material

为解决现有水处理工艺中工序单元复杂、综合应用成本较高的问题,设计将絮凝和吸附功效协同聚集于同一应用单元和物质体系,深入构建絮凝-吸附功能高效协同的新型复合净水材料(MC-PDAC).结果表明,MC-PDAC用于处理印染废水时,除发挥常规的絮凝和吸附功能外,其中的絮凝剂组分(或其絮体沉淀)与吸附剂组分骨架进一步产生了新的异相缔合作用,突破了现有絮凝剂与吸附剂复配应用时发挥各自独立作用的常规机制,致其展现出系列化应用优势.首先,MC-PDAC在极宽的用量范围(50~230 mg·L^(-1))内,均实现了对水中染料的高效去除,去除率为92.94%~99.38%,净水效能高且应用稳定性强;其次,MC-PDAC在1 min内对水中染料的去除率可达97.85%,净水速率快,为类似絮凝剂产品的4.21倍;再次,MC-PDAC适用于与其他无机絮凝剂及助凝剂等进行多元组合作用,实现絮体快速沉降,致使30 min内水质的浊度值低于5 NTU,达到优级水质排放指标;此外,通过处理90 kg级染料废水的模拟放大试验,进一步证实了MC-PDAC复合净水材料具有面向实际工程化应用的可行性.因此,本次研究从“材料设计”的源头,解决了实际应用中将絮凝和吸附功效集于一体的宏观问题,实现了对印染废水更为高效、更为稳定、更为快速及更为经济的净化.

To solve the technical barriers of complex application units and high cost of comprehensive application in the existing water treatment process,we designed a new composite water purification material(MC-PDAC)with efficient synergy of flocculation and adsorption functions by synergistically gathering flocculation and adsorption effects in the same application unit and material system.The results showed that,when MC-PDAC was used in the treatment of dyeing wastewater,besides the conventional flocculation and adsorption functions,a new heterogeneous association interaction had been further observed between the flocculant precipitation and the adsorbent component skeleton.It has broken through the conventional mechanism,which claims that the existing flocculant and adsorbent in the same application unit usually play their own roles independent of each other,thus showing a series of application advantages.①MC-PDAC has realized the strongly-efficient and highly-stable application in a wide dosage range(50~230 mg·L^(-1))for treating the dyeing wastewater,with 92.94%~99.38%removal rate.②The removal rate of dyestuff in water can reach 97.85%in 1min,whose dye removal rate was 4.21 times faster than that of the similar flocculant products.③The flocs formed in water realized the rapid settlement in the combination application of MC-PDAC with some inorganic flocculants and coagulant aids,so that the turbidity value could quickly reduce to less than 5 NTU within 30 min,reaching the 1st grade water discharge standard.In addition,the feasibility of MC-PDAC applied in the practical engineering had been further confirmed by a simulated scale-up test for treating 90 kg dyeing wastewater.Therefore,from the source of“material design”,this study has solved the macro problem of integrating flocculation and adsorption effects in the practical applications,and has achieved more efficient,more stable,faster and more economical purification of dyeing wastewater.