流域水电开发对干热河谷社会⁃生态系统的影响及意义

Impacts of watershed hydropower development on social⁃ecological systems in hot⁃dry valleys

西南干热河谷是我国重要生态脆弱区和经济发展落后区,流域大型水电开发是干热河谷重要的人类干扰活动,对生态脆弱区的社会⁃生态系统造成极大影响。社会⁃生态系统演变的方向和规律具有复杂性和非线性变化,又涉及到生态保护修复、能源安全、经济发展和乡村振兴等国家重大需求,因此,亟待加强流域社会⁃生态系统演变和驱动机制方面的研究。通过总结当前研究的进展和不足,提出了加强生态系统演变的长期监测和分析、深入研究流域社会经济演变规律和驱动机制、完善流域生态资产价值评估和生态补偿机制、构建流域社会⁃生态系统耦合理论与方法等对策建议,从而为脆弱生态区未来可持续发展提供科技支撑。

Giant hydropower development is a major human disturbance activity in the watersheds of southwestern China,which has a great impact on the socio⁃ecological systems of ecologically fragile areas.The changing direction and pattern of socio⁃ecological system evolution are complex and non⁃linear and involve major national needs such as ecological protection and restoration,energy security,economic development,and rural revitalization.Therefore,there is an urgent need to strengthen research on the evolution and driving mechanisms of socio⁃ecological systems in watersheds.By summarizing the progress and shortcomings of current research,we propose countermeasure suggestions such as strengthening a long⁃term monitoring and analysis of ecosystem evolution;conducting in⁃depth research on the laws and driving mechanisms of the watershed socio⁃economic evolution;improving the valuation of watershed ecological assets and ecological compensation mechanisms;and constructing the theory and methods of watershed socio⁃ecological system coupling.This study will provide the scientific and technological support for the future sustainable development of fragile ecological zones.