中国生态用地稳定性空间分异及其影响因素

The spatial distribution and influencing factors of ecological land stability in China

生态用地稳定性是生态用地数量与质量双重保护的重要载体。基于2000、2010、2020年的GlobeLand30土地利用数据,借助地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析方法,并应用生态用地稳定性指数,揭示中国2000—2020年生态用地稳定性空间格局特征;同时运用地理探测器,探究中国生态用地稳定性的主要影响因素。主要研究如下:(1)近20年中国生态用地面积总体减少了近7.44×10^(4)km^(2),以新疆西北部缩减最为明显;同时,耕地(76.5%)、建设用地(11.3%)的侵占是生态用地缩减的主要原因。(2)近20年中国稳定性生态用地数量变化不大,其空间分布与“胡焕庸线”较一致,其中热点面积分布在“胡焕庸线”西北侧(42.3%),冷点面积在“胡焕庸线”东南侧(21.2%);以占稳定性总面积53%的高稳定等级的生态用地为主,集中分布在生态脆弱的西部地区,中(24%)、低(23%)稳定等级数量相差不大,多在人口密集、经济发达的中东部地区。(3)自然因素,特别是年降水量与年日照时数,对生态用地稳定性变化的影响最为显著;同时自然与社会经济因素的交互作用,相较单一影响因素对生态用地稳定性变化更具解释力。生态用地稳定性空间分异及其影响因素的深入探究,能在动态背景下为保障生态保护红线、实现国土空间优化配置与规划提供科学依据,有助于全面促进人地关系的可持续发展。

Ecological land use stability is an important carrier to maintain ecological land quantity and quality.Based on the land use data of GlobeLand30 in 2000,2010 and 2020,GIS spatial analysis and ecological land use stability index,this paper revealed the spatial pattern characteristics of ecological land stability in China from 2000 to 2020.Meanwhile,the main influencing factors of ecological land use stability were explored by using Geodetector.Results showed that:(1)The overall area of ecological land in China has decreased by nearly 7.44×10^(4)km^(2)over the 20 years,with the most obvious reduction in northwest Xinjiang.The encroachment of farmland(76.5%)and construction land(11.3%)were the main reason for the reduction of ecological land.(2)The quantity of stable ecological land in China took little change in the past 20 years,whose spatial distribution was basically content with“Hu Line”,of which the hot spot area was distributed in the northwest side of the“Hu Line”(42.3%),and the cold spot area was on the southeast side of the“Hu Line”(21.2%);The high⁃stable ecological land area accounted for 53%,and there existed ecologically fragile western regions;there was little difference in the number of middle(24%)and low(23%)stability grades,and most of which were in the densely populated and economically developed central and eastern regions.(3)Natural factors,especially annual precipitation and annual sunshine duration,were playing the most significant impact on ecological land use stability change.At the same time,the interaction of natural and social economic factors,which became more powerful to explain the ecological land stability change than the single influence factor.The exploration of the spatial differentiation of ecological land stability and its influencing factors,which will provide a scientific basis for ensuring the red line of ecological protection,realizing the optimal allocation and planning of national space in a dynamic context,thus promoting the sustainable development of human⁃land relations.