基于专利、地理标志和非物质文化遗产保护视角的中药饮片法律保护现状与对策研究

Current situation and countermeasures of legal protection of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces from perspective of patent,geographical indication and intangible cultural heritage protection

中药饮片具有中医药传统知识与现代技术相融合的特性,对其进行法律保护研究时应充分考虑传承与创新的双重需求。专利能从创新角度有效保护基于药品标准的炮制创新,地理标志和非物质文化遗产保护可从传承的角度保护产地加工与炮制一体化饮片并促进传统炮制技术的活态传承。但是,现有研究主要涉及中药饮片的专利申请现状及申请策略探讨,而针对中药饮片相关专利的保护效力研究,以及中药饮片在非物质文化遗产和地理标志保护的实证分析均较为缺乏。在中医药守正创新背景下,如何客观评价中药饮片的法律保护现状,并将其与中药品种保护制度进行有效衔接,激发中药饮片行业高质量发展动力,值得深思。通过对中药饮片在专利保护、地理标志保护及非物质文化遗产保护中的现状进行分析,探讨当前法律保护制度在保护中药饮片中的局限,基于中药品种保护制度与现有法律保护的协同配合,提出构建中药饮片法律保护综合模式的对策与建议,以完善中药饮片的法律保护体系并为相关部门修订中药品种保护制度提供参考。

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoction pieces are characterized by the integration of traditional knowledge of TCM and modern industrial technology.The dual needs of inheritance and innovation should be fully considered in the study of legal protection of TCM decoction pieces.Patents can effectively protect the innovation of processing technology based on drug standards from the perspective of innovation.Geographical indications and intangible cultural heritage protection can protect the processing of producing areas and the integrated decoction pieces of processing from the perspective of inheritance and promote the living inheritance of traditional processing technology.However,the existing research only discusses the patent application status and application strategy of TCM decoction pieces,while the research on the protection effectiveness of TCM decoction pieces related patents and the empirical analysis of TCM decoction pieces in the field of intangible cultural heritage and geographical indication protection are relatively lacking.Under the background of the innovation of TCM,it is worth pondering how to objectively evaluate the current situation of legal protection of TCM decoction pieces and effectively link it with the protection system of TCM varieties to stimulate the high-quality development momentum of TCM decoction pieces industry.Through the analysis of the current situation of TCM decoction pieces in patent protection,geographical indication protection and intangible cultural heritage protection,discussed the limitations of the current legal protection system in protecting TCM decoction pieces.Based on the coordination between the protection system of TCM varieties and the existing legal protection,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the construction of a comprehensive model of legal protection of TCM decoction pieces,so as to improve the legal protection system of TCM decoction pieces and provide reference for relevant departments to revise the protection system of TCM varieties.