基于数据挖掘与德尔菲法的脾气虚证动物模型评价及用药特征分析

Evaluation of animal model with spleen qi deficiency syndrome and analysis of medication characteristics based on data mining and Delphi method

目的 全面分析脾气虚证动物模型并明确模型评价指标,为该动物模型的规范化研究提供参考。方法 在中国知网数据库中检索脾气虚证动物模型相关实验性研究文献,分别对动物品系、造模方法、取材部位、评价指标和用药特征进行数据提取及分析。以此为基础聚焦高频评价指标进行德尔菲专家问卷调查,通过均数和变异系数等明确高效能的脾气虚证动物模型评价指标。同时,基于用药特征分析结果,通过以方测证进一步探讨脾气虚证动物模型的客观性和科学性。结果 共纳入146篇文献,动物模型以SD大鼠和雄性占比最高,取材部位依次为小肠、胃和脾脏,饮食失宜和游泳力竭双因素复合法是最常用的造模方法。德尔菲专家问卷调查表明,高效能的脾气虚证动物模型评价指标主要包括表观指标(大便溏泄、神疲乏力、皮毛枯槁无华等)、生化指标[胃动素、线粒体三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)水平、D-木糖吸收率等]和其他指标(食量减少、体质量下降、抓力下降等)。其中75篇文献报道了有效的治疗方药,最常用的方剂为四君子汤,高频药物为白术、甘草、茯苓、黄芪、党参和人参等,用药特征以性温、味甘、归脾经为主。结论 脾气虚证动物模型的构建主要为SD大鼠,多采用饮食失宜与游泳力竭的双因素复合法。综合表观指标、生化指标和其他指标的系统性模型评价方法具有科学性和合理性,将为脾气虚证动物模型的规范化提供参考。

Objective To comprehensively analyze the animal model with spleen qi deficiency syndrome and clarify its evaluation index,so as to provide reference for the standardization research of the animal model.Methods Experimental studies related to the animal model with spleen qi deficiency syndrome was retrieved from the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and the data of animal species,modeling method,sampling parts,evaluation indexes and medication characteristics were extracted and analyzed.On this basis,the Delphi expert questionnaire was constructed focusing on the high-frequency evaluation indicators,and the evaluation indicators of the animal model with spleen qi deficiency syndrome were defined by means of the mean number and coefficient of variation.At the same time,based on the analysis results of medication characteristics,the objectivity and scientific nature of the animal model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome was further confirmed by the prescription analysis.Results A total of 146 studies were included,SD rats and male rats accounted for the highest proportion.The sampling parts were small intestine,stomach and spleen in order.The two-factor complex method of improper diet and swimming exhaustion was the most commonly used method for modeling.According to the results of Delphi expert questionnaires,the highly effective evaluation indexes of animal model with spleen qi deficiency syndrome mainly include apparent indexes(loose stool,fatigue,and withered fur,etc.),biochemical indexes [motilin,mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate(ATP) level,D-xylose absorption rate,etc.] and other indexes(decreased food intake,decreased weight,decreased grasping power,etc.).A total of 75 studies reported effective prescriptions,the most commonly used was Sijunzi Decoction(四君子汤),and the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicines were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Dangshen(Codonopsis Radix),Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma),etc.The drug characteristics were mainly warm property,sweet taste and belong to the spleen meridians.Conclusion The animal model with spleen qi deficiency syndrome was mainly constructed in SD rats,and the two-factor complex method of improper diet and swimming exhaustion was used.The systematic model evaluation method which synthesize apparent index,biochemical index and other index phases is scientific and reasonable.This study provides reference for the standardization of animal model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome.