我国学龄前儿童营养状况及影响因素研究

A study on the nutritional status of preschool children in China and its influencing factors

目的 了解我国学龄前儿童的营养状况并分析其与睡眠时间、身体活动和膳食摄入等的关系,为制定科学的干预对策提供依据。方法 本研究为横断面调查,数据来源于科技部基础资源调查专项“中国0~18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用”项目。对3~5岁儿童进行体格测量,对儿童家长进行问卷调查;采用χ^(2)检验、多因素logistic回归分析方法分析儿童营养状况及与睡眠时间、身体活动和膳食摄入的关系。结果 本研究调查3~5岁儿童2 586名,儿童消瘦、超重、肥胖检出率分别为1.47%、7.12%和3.13%。低出生体质量儿童发生消瘦或肥胖的风险高,日均身体活动时长>150 min的儿童发生超重的风险低,日均睡眠时间>11 h的儿童肥胖的发生风险低。结论 我国学龄前儿童的营养状况与出生体质量、身体活动、睡眠情况密切相关。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of preschool children in China and analyze its relationship with sleep duration,physical activity and dietary intake,so as to provide evidence for scientific interventions.Methods This cross-sectional study was based on data from"National Nutrition and Health Survey for children 0-18 years old in China".Anthropometric measurements were taken on children 3-5 years old and their parents were interviewed using a questionnaire.Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association of the children's nutritional status with sleep duration,physical activity and dietary intake.Results Among the 2586 children included,the prevalence of wasting,overweight and obesity were 1.47%,7.12%and 3.13%,respectively.Multivariable analysis showed that children with low birth weight were at higher risk of becoming wasted or obese,children with average daily physical activity>150 min were at lower risk of developing overweight,and children with average daily sleep>11 h were at lower risk of developing obesity.Conclusions The nutritional status of preschool children in China may be closely associated with birth weight,physical activity,and sleep condition.