父母对7~12岁儿童体质量感知偏差及影响因素分析

Analysis of parental perception of body weight of children aged 7~12 years and its influencing factors

目的 通过调查青海省7~12岁学龄儿童的父母对儿童体质量感知情况,分析父母对儿童体质量感知偏差的影响因素。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,2021年在青海省选取6市(州)共1 200名7~12岁学龄儿童父母进行问卷调查。调查内容包括人口社会学因素和家长对儿童体质量感知情况。通过Kappa一致性检验分析父母对儿童体质量感知与儿童实际体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)分级的一致情况,父母对儿童体质量感知偏差的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 共获得1 092份有效问卷,有效率91.00%。其中男童家长591人(54.12%),女童家长501人(45.88%)。父母准确感知儿童体质量的有654人(59.89%),感知有偏差的有438人(40.11%),其中高估儿童体质量水平的有132人(30.14%),低估儿童体质量水平的有306人(69.86%),7~12岁儿童父母对儿童体质量感知与儿童实际体质量水平的一致性弱(Kappa=0.228)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,儿童消瘦(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.41~0.94)、儿童BMI正常(OR=0.54, 95%CI:0.38~0.77)、儿童年龄大(OR=0.83, 95%CI:0.76~0.89)、从不鼓励儿童吃饭多吃(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.33~0.89)和偶尔鼓励吃饭多吃(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.40~0.90)是父母对儿童体质量感知偏差的保护因素。从不限制孩子零食摄入(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.04~3.25)是父母对儿童体质量感知偏差的危险因素。结论 青海省7~12岁学龄儿童父母对儿童体质量感知存在偏差,儿童实际体质量水平、儿童年龄和喂养方式是影响父母对儿童体质量感知偏差的因素,应及时对父母进行科学教育,提高其体质量感知,改善儿童不良体质量状况。

Objective To investigate the parents'perception of their child's body weight at the age of 7−12 years,and to analyze the influencing factors of parents'perception bias.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1200 parents of children aged 7−12 years from 6 cities(autonomous prefectures)in Qinghai Province for a questionnaire survey in 2021.The survey collected demographic and sociological information and parental perception of their child's body weight.Kappa consistency test was used to analyze the consistency between parents'perception and children's actual BMI classification.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of parental body weight perception bias.Results A total of 1092 valid questionnaires were obtained,with an effective rate of 91.00%.There were 591 parents of boys(54.12%)and 501(45.88%)parents of girls.654 parents(59.89%)accurately perceived their child's body weight,and 438 parents(40.11%)misperceived their child's weight,among whom 132(30.14%)overestimated and 306(69.86%)underestimated their child's weight level.In this sample of parents of 7-12 years old children,parental perception shows weak consistency with children's actual body weight level(Kappa=0.228).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that child wasting(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.41−0.94),normal BMI of the children(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.38−0.77),older children(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.76−0.89),never encouraging children to eat more(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.33−0.89)and occasionally encouraging children to eat more(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.40−0.90)were protective factors of parents'body weight perception bias.Never restricting children's snack intake(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.04−3.25)was a risk factor of parents'misperception of their child's weight.Conclusions The parents of children aged 7−12 years old have obviously inaccurate perception of their child's weight.The actual BMI level of children,the age of children and feeding style are the factors affecting the parents'perception of their child's weight.Timely scientific education for parents is necessary to improve accuracy of parental perception of their child's body weight,so as to prevent unhealthy body weight of children.