贵州省部分农村地区老年人轻度行为损害流行现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of mild behavioral impairment among older adults in some rural areas of Guizhou Province

目的 了解贵州省部分农村地区老年人轻度行为损害(mild behavioral impairment,MBI)流行现状及影响因素,为改善老年人精神健康和预防认知功能下降提供参考。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取贵州省1 298名≥60岁农村老年人为研究对象,进行问卷调查和体格检查。使用轻度行为损害量表(mild behavioral impairment checklist, MBI-C)评估研究对象MBI患病情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析评估MBI的影响因素。结果贵州省部分农村地区老年人MBI患病率为32.97%(95%CI:30.41%~35.53%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,患有慢性病(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.01~1.72)、日常生活功能受损(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.24~2.09)和自评不健康(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.40~2.35)的老年人MBI患病风险较高,参加体育锻炼(1~30 min:OR=0.74, 95%CI:0.55~0.99;>30 min:OR=0.65, 95%CI:0.48~0.89)、睡眠状况一般或良好(一般:OR=0.47, 95%CI:0.34~0.65;良好:OR=0.39,95%CI:0.29~0.52)和社会支持处于高水平(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.14~0.67)的老年人MBI患病风险相对较低。结论 贵州省部分农村地区老年人MBI患病率较高,患有慢性病、日常生活功能受损及自评不健康的老年人MBI患病风险较大,积极参加体育锻炼、保持良好的睡眠以及提高社会支持水平可能预防或延缓老年人MBI的发生发展。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mild behavioral impairment and its influencing factors among older adults in some rural areas of Guizhou Province,so as to provide evidence for improvement of mental health and prevention of cognitive decline in older adults.Methods A total of 1298 rural residents aged≥60 years in Guizhou were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling for a questionnaire survey and physical examination.The mild behavioral impairment checklist(MBI-C)was used to detect MBI in the participants.Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors of MBI.Results The prevalence of MBI in the surveyed elderly people in rural areas of Guizhou province was 32.97%(95%CI:30.41%-35.53%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the older adults with chronic disease(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.01-1.72),impaired daily living activities(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.24-2.09)and being self-rated unhealthy(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.40-2.35)had higher odds of having MBI.The older adults participating in physical activity(1-30 min:OR=0.74,95%CI:0.55-0.99;>30 min:OR=0.65,95%CI:0.48-0.89),with fair or good sleep(fair:OR=0.47,95%CI:0.34-0.65;good:OR=0.39,95%CI:0.29-0.52)and high level of social support(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.14-0.67)had relatively lower odds of MBI.Conclusions The older adults with chronic diseases,impaired daily living activities,and being self-rated as unhealthy are more likely to suffer from MBI.In contrast,engaging in physical activities,having good sleep,and strengthening social support may prevent or delay the development of MBI in older adults.