中国普通人群听力损失定义及流行特征

A systematic review of the definition and epidemiological characteristics of hearing loss in Chinese general population

目的 系统梳理听力损失及残疾定义,以及中国普通人群听力损失患病率流行趋势,为其疾病负担估算及疾病预防提供数据支撑。方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embsae、中国知网、维普和万方数据库及相关权威网站中有关听力损失及残疾定义、患病率的文献,总结听力损失及残疾定义,采用统计描述及Meta分析法对不同年份、不同性别、不同年龄段的听力损失及残疾患病率进行分析。结果 全球听力损失及残疾定义始于1986年,最新定义在2008年。我国针对全人群分别开展了两次听力损失及残疾人调查,2005—2006年和2014—2015年听力损失患病率分别为14.24%和16.49%,1987年和2006年听力残疾患病率分别为2.24%和2.52%。经标化后,均有所上升。从程度来看,中度听力损失的比例有向轻度比例转化,重度和极重度比例变化不明显。男性听力损失及残疾的平均患病率分别为19.52%和2.68%,女性分别为16.58%和2.47%。听力损失及残疾患病率随年龄呈上升趋势,60~<70岁人群听力损失及残疾平均患病率分别达61.61%和13.80%。结论 全球听力损失研究起步较晚,我国大型调查定义基本与国际一致。我国听力损失及残疾患病率较高,总体呈上升趋势,需要重点关注男性及老年人听力损失及残疾的防护。

Objective To systematically review the definition of hearing loss and disability,along with the prevalence trend of hearing loss in the general population in China,so as to provide data support for disease burden estimation and prevention.Methods The topic related literatures were extensively searched in PubMed,Web of Science,Embsae,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang databases and relevant authoritative websites,and the definition of hearing loss and disability was summarized.Statistical description and meta-analysis were used to describe the prevalence of hearing loss and disability by different years,genders and ages.Results The global definition of hearing loss and disability initiated in 1986 and the latest definition was defined in 2008.The 138 included studies showed that the prevalence rate of hearing loss were 14.24%in 2005—2006 and 16.49%in 2014—2015,while the prevalence rate of hearing disability was 2.24%in 1987 and 2.52%in 2006.The standardized prevalence of hearing loss and disability showed upward trends.In terms of the degree of hearing loss,the proportion of moderate hearing loss tended to shift to mild hearing loss,while the proportions of severe hearing loss and profound hearing loss were relatively stable.Other studies mostly focused on one province orcity,and the results showed that hearing loss and disability varied greatly in different regions.The overall prevalence rates of hearing loss and disability were 19.52%and 2.68%in males and 16.58%and 2.47%in females.The prevalence of hearing loss and disability increased sharply with age,and the average prevalence rates of hearing loss and disability in people over 60 years old were 61.61%and 13.80%.Conclusion The study of global hearing loss starts late,and the survey definition in China is basically consistent with the international one.The prevalence of hearing loss and disability are relatively high in China and show up-ward trends.Attention should be paid to the protection of hearing loss and disability in men and the elderly.