2004—2021年全国百日咳与山西省百日咳住院患者流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in China and among inpatients in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2021

目的 了解2004—2021年全国及山西省百日咳报告发病情况和变化趋势,以及山西省儿童医院百日咳住院患者的情况。方法 收集2004—2021年中国疾病预防控制中心、山西省疾病预防控制中心发布的百日咳疫情报告及山西省儿童医院百日咳住院患者信息,描述其年度变化和趋势。结果 2004—2021年全国共报告百日咳病例118 362例;发病率2009年最低(0.12/10万),2019年最高(2.15/10万);山西省共报告百日咳2 448例;发病率2013年最低(0.08/10万),2021年最高(1.41/10万);山西省儿童医院百日咳住院患者共547例;男性285例(52.10%),女性262例(47.90%);<1、 1~5、>5岁分别为399例(72.95%)、126例(23.03%)、22例(4.02%);春、夏、秋、冬季患者分别为102例(18.65%)、129例(23.58%)、177例(32.36%)、139例(25.41%);有并发症的9例(2.10%);不同年龄组、有无并发症患者住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 我国、山西省及山西省儿童医院百日咳病例均呈总体上升趋势;<1岁儿童在百日咳患者中比例较大且比其他年龄组更易患严重百日咳。建议完善百日咳免疫策略,着重加强对<1岁儿童百日咳的预防。

Objective To investigate the reported incidence and trend of pertussis in China and Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2021,and to describe the epidemiological features of pertussis among inpatients in Shanxi Children's Hospital.Methods The epidemic reports of pertussis released by China CDC and Shanxi provincial CDC as well as clinical data of inpatients with pertussis in Shanxi Children's Hospital from 2004 to 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed,the annual changes and trends of pertussis were described.Results From 2004 to 2021,a total of 118362 cases of pertussis were reported in China.The lowest incidence was 0.12/100000 in 2009,while the highest was 2.15/100000 in 2019.In Shanxi province,2448 cases were reported,with the lowest incidence of 0.08/100000 in 2013,while the highest of 1.41/100000 in 2021.Out of 547 inpatients in Shanxi Children's Hospital,285 were males(52.10%)and 262 were females(47.90%).There were 399(72.95%),126(23.03%)and 22(4.02%)cases in the age group of<1 year,1-5 years and>5 years.There were 102 cases(18.65%)in spring,129 cases(23.58%)in summer,177 cases(32.36%)in autumn and 139 cases(25.41%)in winter.Nine cases(2.10%)had complications.However,the average length of hospital stay varied significantly among patients in different age groups and between those with and without clinical complications(P<0.05).Conclusions Pertussis cases in China,Shanxi Province and Shanxi Children's Hospital showed an overall upward trend,children<1 year old had a larger proportion of pertussis patients and were more prone to severe pertussis than other age groups.It is suggested to improve the strategy of pertussis immunization and strengthen the prevention of pertussis in children under 1 year old.