历史信息空间转译下地方文庙形制保护研究——以河南府文庙为例

Research on Conserving Overall Layout of Local Confucian Temples based on Morphological Translation of Historical Information:Taking Provincial Confucian Temple in Henan as an Example

孔庙是一组由单个建筑的礼制化组合而形成的、具有儒家思想教化作用的古代公共建筑群。在当代语境下,除现存的文物建筑以外,文庙建筑群的空间形制布局亦是其重要的遗产要素,是当代文庙空间优化、功能转化、遗产活化的重要抓手。文章以地方文庙“万变不离其宗”的形制布局特征作为切入点,在剖析了文庙遗产整体性和多样性的基础上,以河南府文庙为研究对象,运用历史信息空间转译的方法,基于历史地图图解、文献阅读、考古发掘等历史信息要素,构建文庙建筑群的空间关系系统,深入探究河南府文庙的完整形制及其空间演变。形制布局的研究成果辅助了文物分布区划,被纳入遗产保护对象,成为河南府文庙遗产的重要组成部分。实施针对文庙形制布局的“绿地标识展示”等景观化保护措施,通过公园化、数字化、游憩化的保护路径,实现地方文庙建筑群空间环境的整体性保护及活化利用。

Confucian temples present a golden heritage as a whole through the ritual combination of individual buildings.In this regard,the spatial paradigm of all Confucian temples was firstly analysed.Both integrity and diversity were identified to emphasise the core value of overall layout in protection of Confucian temple heritage.By choosing the provincial temple of Confucius in Henan as an example,this paper re-discovered overall layout of a Confucian temple in modern space using the methodology of morphological translation of historical information collected from immovable relics,archaeological excavation,study of historical literature,illustrations of historical maps,etc.The diachronic evolution of this temple was accordingly inferred and deduced.As a result,the overall layout was proposed as one additionally virtual object for heritage protection,and its restoration under forms such as"marking by green"was suggested as a heritage transformation process which could be resiliently undertaken to sustainably display the integrity of the Confucian heritage.