2023年土耳其7.8级地震灾害特征

Disaster characteristics of Turkey M 7.8 earthquake in 2023

北京时间2023年2月6日9时17分土耳其发生7.8级地震,震中位于北纬37.17°,东经37.08°,震源深度20 km,约9小时后,同一地区又发生了一次7.5级地震,土耳其出现了极为罕见的“双震”,土耳其和叙利亚两国共计至少53565人死亡、129794人受伤。此次地震震级高并且强度大,震害极为严重,具体表现为:大量房屋倾倒或受损严重,建筑物的结构破坏为主要形式,内部的水管泄漏和柜体倾覆;建筑外部非结构破坏以填充墙、楼体贴面、装饰和玻璃等构件的破坏为主;生命线系统破坏中桥梁损坏数量较大但程度较为轻微,主要破坏形式为桥台变形、支座失效及桥墩损坏等;公路破坏形式为路面隆起、龟裂和扭曲,多个地区产生了严重的拥堵现象;铁路系统受到了严重破坏,主要破坏形式为轨道发生严重弯曲和断裂;场地效应主要表现形式为土壤液化、山体滑坡和地面变形等,其中土壤液化现象较为广泛,且存在土壤液化导致附近的建筑物地基失效、房屋倾倒和生命线毁坏等破坏现象。震害调查表明:此次地震灾害分布集中在近震中地区,震害主要体现在建筑物、工程场地和生命线系统等方面。地震后土耳其根据欧洲ESRM20模型给出了明显过低的人口伤亡评估结果;美国地质调查局(USGS)第一时间给出了人员伤亡和经济损失等过于保守的灾害预测,不利于震害评估和灾害救援。需要完善和发展更加合理的地震灾害预测方法,震害资料不断累积后,2023年2月19日美国地质调查局给出了趋于准确的预测的结果,为了更合理的进行地震应急救援和灾后快速重建评估工作,需要发展新的灾害预测评估方法。

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Turkey at 09∶17,Beijing time,with an epicenter at 37.17N and 37.08E at a depth of 20 km.About nine hours later,another magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred in the same region,and an extremely rare"double earthquake"occurred in Turkey.At least 53565 people were killed and 129794 injured in Turkey and Syria.The earthquake has a high magnitude,high intensity and extremely serious earthquake damage,which is shown as follows:a large number of houses are toppled or seriously damaged,the structural damage of the building is the main form,the internal water pipe leakage and cabinet overturning;the external non-structural damage of the building is mainly caused by infill walls,building veneer,decoration,glass and other components.In the damage of lifeline system,the number of bridge damage is large but the degree is relatively slight,the main forms of damage are abutment deformation,bearing failure and pier damage,etc.;the form of highway damage is pavement uplift,cracking and distortion,and serious congestion has occurred in many areas;the railway system has been seriously damaged,mainly in the form of serious bending and fracture of the track.The main forms of site effect are soil liquefaction,landslides and ground deformation,in which soil liquefaction is widespread,and soil liquefaction leads to nearby building foundation failure,building dumping and lifeline destruction and other destructive phenomena.The investigation of earthquake damage shows that the distribution of earthquake disaster is concentrated in the near epicenter area,and the earthquake damage is mainly reflected in buildings,engineering sites,lifeline system and so on.Turkey gave a significantly low casualty assessment based on the European ESRM20 model after the earthquake.The US Geological Survey(USGS)immediately gave over-conservative disaster predictions such as casualties and economic losses,which are not conducive to earthquake damage assessment and disaster rescue.It is necessary to improve and develop more reasonable earthquake disaster prediction methods.After the earthquake damage data have been continuously accumulated,the USGS gave accurate prediction results on February 19th,in order to carry out earthquake emergency rescue and rapid post-disaster reconstruction assessment work more reasonably.New disaster prediction and assessment methods need to be developed.