农产品网络销售对农业化学品投入的影响——来自中国小微企业调查数据的分析

The effect of the network sales of agricultural products on the input of agrochemicals:an estimation based on the data of Chinese small and micro enterprise survey

农产品网络销售这一新型业态的诞生为农业发展注入了新的活力,该销售方式所发生的深刻变革甚至顺延产业链向上延伸传导到了生产端。在此背景下,创新性地科学探究与评价农产品网络销售对农业化学品减量投入、绿色生产方式转型升级的作用效果,具有重要的现实指导意义。为此,区别于以往大多数聚焦于从传统的生产与消费层面探究农业化学品减量路径的研究,本研究尝试从流通端入手,基于中国小微企业调查中的新型农业经营主体数据,考察了农产品网络销售对农业化学品投入的影响及其内在机制。研究结果表明:农产品网络销售由于被平台附加了较高的质量约束条件,为应对这一约束,网络销售的经营主体通过扩大农地经营规模以提高标准化生产程度,可以实现对农业化学品投入显著的降低作用,即农产品网络销售通过促进农地经营规模扩张降低了农业化学品投入;并且,农地规模扩张中的农地经营权稳定性在其中具有显著的调节作用,表现为农地经营权稳定性越弱,农产品网络销售对农业化学品的减量效果越受到抑制。本研究为合理运用农产品网络销售促进农业化学品减量施用、加快绿色生产方式转型提供了经验证据和政策启示,即应在充分借助农产品网络销售推动农业绿色高质量发展的同时,进一步完善土地流转市场,并有效提高转入农地的产权稳定性,由此有利于充分发挥农产品网络销售对化学品投入的减量效应。

The birth of the new type of agricultural products online sales has injected new vitality into agricultural development.The profound changes in this sales mode have even extended the industrial chain upward to the production end.In this context,it is of great practical significance to explore and evaluate the effect of network sales of agricultural products on the reduction of agricultural chemicals input and the transformation and upgrading of green production methods.For this reason,unlike most previous studies that focused on exploring the reduction path of agricultural chemicals input from the traditional production and consumption level,this study attempts to start from the circulation end,based on the data of new agricultural business entities in the survey of Chinese small and micro enterprises,to investigate the impact of network sales of agricultural products on agricultural chemicals input and its internal mechanism.The results show that:1)in order to deal with the quality constraints attached by the platform to the network sales of agricultural products,the business entities of network sales can significantly reduce the input of agricultural chemicals by expanding the farmland management scale to improve the degree of standardized production,that is,the network sales of agricultural products can reduce the input of agricultural chemicals by promoting the expansion of farmland management scale;2)Moreover,the stability of agricultural land management right in the expansion of farmland management scale has a significant regulatory effect,which is manifested in the fact that the weaker the stability of agricultural land management right is,the more restrained the reduction effect of network sales of agricultural products on agricultural chemicals input.This study provides empirical evidence and policy enlightenment for the rational use of network sales of agricultural products to promote the reduction of agricultural chemicals input and accelerate the transformation of green production methods,that is,we should further improve the land circulation market and effectively improve the stability of property rights of transferred agricultural land while making full use of network sales of agricultural products to promote the green and high-quality development of agriculture.Therefore,it is conducive to give full play to the reduction effect of network sales of agricultural products on agricultural chemicals input.