基于荧光法的生物气溶胶实时检测系统的研究进展

Research Progress of the Real-Time Detection System of Bioaerosols Based on Fluorescence Method

生物气溶胶是指含有细菌、真菌、花粉等生物性粒子的气溶胶。生物气溶胶的传播会造成严重的危害,对人体健康、大气环境等有着潜在的影响。此外,在军事活动中,生物气溶胶还可作为生物战剂的释放方式。因此,对空气中生物气溶胶进行实时检测,快速识别气溶胶种类,判断生物气溶胶浓度、危险程度等,是降低致病性生物气溶胶暴露,保护人员及环境安全,以及防范生物恐怖袭击的重要手段。基于荧光法的生物气溶胶实时检测系统利用生物粒子含有色氨酸、酪氨酸、核黄素等典型荧光基团,通过激光诱导生物荧光基团产生特定的荧光光谱,从而完成对生物气溶胶的检测和识别,具有甄别气溶胶颗粒生物特性的同时,获取其粒径尺寸及形态等物理特征的技术优势。简要介绍了生物气溶胶及其实时检测的基本原理,概述了生物气溶胶实时检测系统在三个方面的研究,包括荧光激发光源的触发方式、荧光激发光源类型以及信号采集系统。最后,对生物气溶胶实时检测系统的发展方向进行了探讨,为后续生物气溶胶实时检测系统的研究开发提供了参考。

Bioaerosols are aerosols containing biological particles such as bacteria,fungi,pollen,etc.The spread of bioaerosols has a potential impact on human health and the atmospheric environment.In addition,bioaerosols are also used as the release mode of biological agents in military activities.Therefore,real-time detection of bioaerosols in the air,rapid identification of aerosols types,and determination of concentrations and dangerous levels of bioaerosols are important methods to reduce exposure to pathogenic bioaerosols,protect personnel and environmental safety,and prevent bio-terrorist attacks.Biological particles contain typical fluorophores such as tryptophan,tyrosine or riboflavin.The feature fluorescence spectrum can be obtained via laser-induced these biological substances,thus completing the detection and identification of biological aerosols.The real-time detection system of bioaerosols based on the fluorescence method offers significant technological advantages in identifying aerosols biological and physical characteristics.The basic principles of measuring bioaerosols are briefly introduced.The research on the real-time detection system of bioaerosols is summarized in three aspects:the triggering method of the fluorescence excitation light source,the type of the fluorescence excitation light source and the signal acquisition system.Finally,the development direction of the real-time detection system of bioaerosols is discussed,which provides a reference for the subsequent research of the real-time detection system of bioaerosols.