麋鹿角柄发育规律与相关内分泌及信号通路检测

Development of Antler Pedicle in Male Père David’s Deer and Related Endocrine and Signaling Pathways Detection

鹿类角柄终生有2次发育,第1次在胚胎期,第2次在青春期,出生后角柄的激活和首次发育对于鹿角再生极为重要,角柄的青春期发育对于鹿类个性及等级序位形成、鹿角大小、争夺配偶、种间竞争和应对天敌等有重要意义。利用红外测距仪,开展麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)角柄生长发育的宏观测量,结合青春期骨膜组织取样、血液激素水平和信号通路表达情况检测,对麋鹿角柄发育情况进行研究。结果表明:与成年不同,幼龄雄性麋鹿在第1年秋季开始出生后的首次角柄发育,由毛旋处长出骨质突起,翌年2—3月角柄长至2.5~3.0 cm,逐渐形成初角基,5—6月首次生茸,冬至脱落,此时形成完整的角柄;随青春期发育和年龄增长,角柄逐渐变粗变短;角柄围长由2岁时的(17.17±1.00)cm增加到3岁时的(35.43±0.83)cm,差异极显著(F_(1,9)=4.1281,n=9,p=0.0053);角柄直径由2岁时的(3.66±0.59)cm增加到3岁时的(5.91±0.72)cm,差异极显著(F_(1,9)=3.1740,n=9,p=0.0246)。血液激素检测表明睾酮分泌水平与角柄发育密切相关,睾酮分泌水平由1岁时的(564.27±41.16)pg/m L增加到3岁时的(737.96±66.57)pg/m L,差异极显著(F_(1,9)=4.3030,n=9,p=0.0022);分子检测结果也显示TGF-β/Smads信号通路参与了角柄发育过程。研究揭示了麋鹿角柄发育规律,探讨与之相关的内分泌因素及分子表达情况,为今后持续开展麋鹿角柄发育及茸再生机制多样化奠定了基础。

The antler pedicle of deer develops twice in their lifetime,once in the embryonic stage and the second time in the adolescent stage.The activation and development of the antler pedicle after birth are very important for the regeneration of velvet,and the adolescent development of the antler pedicle is of great significance for the formation of personality and rank order,antler size,competition for mates,interspecific competition and coping with natural enemies.In this paper,in⁃frared rangefinder was used to conduct macroscopic measurement of the growth and development of the antler pedicle of Père David’s deer(Elaphurus davidianus),combined with periosteal tissue sampling during the adolescent stage,blood hormone levels,and signal pathway expression detection,to study the development of Père David’s deer antler pedicle.The results showed that,the young male Père David’s deer began to develop the first antler pedicle in the autumn of the first year,with a bone process growing from the hair whorl.The antler pedicle grew to 2.5-3.0 cm in February to March of the next year,and gradually formed the primary antler base.With the increase of adolescence and age,the antler pedicle gradually becomes thicker and shorter.The antler pedicle circumference increased from(17.17±1.00)cm at 2 years of age to(35.43±0.83)cm at 3 years of age,and the difference was extremely significan(t F_(1,9)=4.1281,n=9,p=0.0053).The antler pedicle diameter increased from(3.66±0.59)cm at 2 years of age to(5.91±0.72)cm at 3 years of age,and the difference was extremely significant(F_(1,9)=3.1740,n=9,p=0.0246).The level of testosterone increased from(564.27±41.16)pg/mL at one year old to(737.96±66.57)pg/mL at 3 years old,and the difference was extremely significant(F_(1,9)=4.3030,n=9,p=0.0022).Molecular analysis also showed that TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway was involved in the development of the ant⁃ler pedicle.This study revealed the developmental rules of Père David’s deer antler pedicle for the first time,and explored the related endocrine factors and molecular expression,which laid a foundation for continued development of Père David’s deer antler pedicle development and diversification of antler regeneration mechanisms in the future.