健康信念模式对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者疾病认知程度和生活质量的影响

The impact of the health belief model on disease-related knowledge cognition and quality of life in patients with hepatitis B and cirrhosis

目的探讨基于健康信念模式的健康教育方法对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者生活质量以及疾病相关知识认知程度的影响。方法选取牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院消化内科病区2022年5月至2022年11月收治的106例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,按随机数表法随机分为观察组(53例)和对照组(53例)。对照组患者采用传统健康教育方法,内容包括用药与饮食指导、自我健康指导、心理健康护理、预防性健康护理以及常见并发症的预防等。观察组患者采用基于健康信念模式的健康教育方法,干预时间为6个月,使用对疾病相关知识的认知问卷和生活质量量表,比较干预前后2组患者的生活质量和对疾病知识的认知程度。结果干预后,观察组患者对疾病知识的认知得分为(23.25±3.14)分、用药知识得分为(25.54±3.21)分、自我护理技能得分为(21.45±2.98)分以及生活管理得分为(22.47±3.02)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,观察组患者生活质量评分心理领域得分为(16.52±1.32)分、生理领域得分为(17.11±1.35)分、社会关系领域得分为(17.21±1.32)分和环境领域得分为(17.33±1.29)分,均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于健康信念模式的健康教育方法能够提高乙型肝炎肝硬化患者对疾病知识的认知水平,提高其生活质量。

Objective To explore the impact of health education methods based on health belief models on the quality of life and disease related knowledge cognition of patients with hepatitis B and cirrhosis.Methods One hundred and six patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology,Hongqi hospital affiliated to Mudanjiang medical university from May 2022 to November 2022 were randomly divided into the observation group(53 cases)and the control group(53 cases)according to the random number table.The control group adopted traditional health education methods,including medication and dietary guidance,self-health guidance,mental health care,preventive health care,and prevention of common complications.The observation group adopted a health education method based on a health belief model,with an intervention period of 6 months.A cognitive questionnaire and a quality of life scale was used to compare the quality of life and cognitive level of disease knowledge between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the cognitive scores in the observation group on disease knowledge were(23.25±3.14)points,medication knowledge scores were(25.54±3.21)points,self-care skills scores were(21.45±2.98)points,and life management scores were(22.47±3.02)points,all higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the quality of life scores of the observation group were(16.52±1.32)in the psychological field,(17.11±1.35)in the physiological field,(17.21±1.32)in the social relations field,and(17.33±1.29)in the environmental field,all higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The health education method based on the health belief model can improve the cognitive level of disease knowledge and improve the quality of life of patients with hepatitis B and cirrhosis.