感应熔覆技术研究现状及发展

Current Situation and Development of Induction Cladding Technology

机械零件长期在高温、潮湿以及交变载荷等恶劣环境下工作,会导致机械设备出现可靠性降低和服役寿命缩短等问题。因此,对零件表面性能提出了高耐磨性和高耐腐蚀性等严苛要求。在此背景下,感应熔覆技术作为绿色表面改性工艺,因其成本低、效率高、热影响区小及熔覆质量好等特点而被广泛应用于机械零件表面强化领域。首先,简述了感应熔覆技术的工作原理和特点,重点探讨了自熔性合金粉末和添加陶瓷及稀土元素合金粉末的应用效果和潜在优势;其次,介绍了感应熔覆技术的工艺流程,分析了预制涂层、保护套筒以及其他强化工艺对感应熔覆涂层性能和质量的影响,指出敏感性参数是影响感应熔覆涂层成形和传热的重要因素;最后,概括了感应熔覆数值模拟方法的发展现状和存在的问题,并针对感应熔覆成形过程和传热机制的发展提出了相关建议。在此基础上,对感应熔覆增材制造过程中的关键科学问题和技术难题进行了展望并提出了未来的研究方向。通过研究新材料及采用新型数值模拟技术,为优化工艺参数和开发新型涂层提供更加精确的指导。

Mechanical parts subject to high temperature,humidity and alternating loads for long period of time will lead to problems with reduced reliability and service life of mechanical equipment.Consequently,severe demands are placed on the surface properties of parts such as high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance.In this background,induction cladding technology,as a green surface modification process,is widely used in the field of surface reinforcement of mechanical parts for its low cost,high efficiency,small heat affected zone and good cladding quality.First of all,the working principles and characteristics of induction cladding technology were briefly introduced,concentrating on the application effects and potential advantages of self-melting alloy powders and alloy powders with ceramic and rare earth elements.Next,the process steps of induction cladding were described,the effect of preformed coatings,protective sleeves and other strengthening processes on the performance and quality of induction clad coatings was analyzed,and the view that sensitivity parameters were important factors affecting the forming and heat transfer of induction clad coatings was put forward.Finally,the current status and problems of induction cladding numerical simulation methods were outlined and recommendations were made for the development of induction cladding forming processes and heat transmission mechanisms.Based on the above,the key scientific and technical challenges of the induction cladding additive manufacturing process are presented and future research directions are suggested.The study of new materials and the use of new numerical simulation techniques will enable more accurate guidance to be provided for the optimization of process parameters and the development of new coatings.