工具、肢体、空间——昆曲表演中的三种“物”叙事

Tools,Limbs,Space——Three"Object"Narratives in Kunqu Opera Performance

一般而言,物会以对象、媒介、载体三种方式介入艺术,而在昆曲艺术中,物也以同样的方式参与戏剧叙事。首先,作为对象之物的工具(演出道具),一方面以“呈现物”的形式在昆曲演出中被展出,另一方面又以“无物之物”“借物塑象”“以物喻意”等方式为戏剧叙事服务。其次,作为媒介之物的肢体(演员身体),既是表演行为的创造者、执行者,又是戏剧作品能呈之观众的物质媒介。在昆曲演出中,受过专业程式训练的演员,通过使肢体产生复杂动作组合的方式,来达到“绘景”“言事”“达情”等多重叙事目的。最后,作为载体之物的空间(剧场舞台),看似空若无物,但其本质上却可被视为昆曲表演的物质平台,空间在为昆曲演出提供叙事场的同时,又作为叙事要素参与表演的故事传达,成为物叙事的特殊形式。

Generally speaking,objects intervene in art in three ways:object,medium,and carrier.In Kunqu art,objects also participate in dramatic narrative in the same way.Firstly,the tools(performance props)that serve as objects are exhibited in Kunqu opera performances in the form of"presenting objects",and on the other hand,they serve the narrative of drama through methods such as"objects without objects","borrowing objects to create images",and"using objects to symbolize meanings";Secondly,as a medium,the limbs(actor's body)is not only the creator and executor of performance behavior,but also the material medium through which dramatic works can be presented to the audience.In Kunqu opera performances,actors who have received professional programming training achieve multiple narrative purposes such as"painting scenery","speaking things",and"expressing emotions"by creating complex combinations of movements through the body;Finally,the space(theater stage)that serves as a carrier may seem empty like nothing,but in essence,it can be seen as the material platform for Kunqu opera performance.While providing a narrative field for Kunqu opera performance,space also serves as a narrative element to participate in the story transmission of the performance,becoming a special form of material narrative.