产业数字化转型与居民消费结构升级——效应、路径与机理

Industrial Digital Transformation and Upgrading of Residents' Consumption Structure——Effects,Pathways and Mechanisms

产业数字化转型是利用数字经济构建核心竞争力的关键,居民消费结构升级是人们寻求更高层次需求满足的结果,也是经济高质量发展的重要特征。理论模型上,本文构建了一个多部门一般均衡模型,考察了产业数字化转型对居民消费结构升级的影响。结果显示,产业数字化可以通过影响两类消费品之间的相对价格促进消费结构高级化,通过长尾效应促进消费结构多样化。实证部分利用面板固定效应模型,肯定了前述的主要结论与作用机制,并且在进一步分析中发现,产业数字化对消费结构升级的推动作用在经济发展程度较低的地区更为明显,对收入水平较低的居民也更为明显,体现出了一定的包容性。本文的主要结论有深刻的政策含义:产业数字化转型是供给方面的重要转变,它代表着未来中国产业生态的重构方向;居民消费结构升级是需求方面的变化,因此,利用产业数字化转型推动居民消费结构升级可以成为以供给侧结构性改革拉动内需、以新发展格局引领经济高质量发展的有效途径。同时,产业数字化转型对于推动居民消费结构升级的积极作用也从供需结合的角度证实了数字经济与经济高质量发展的相合性。

Digital transformation of industries is the key to building core competitiveness through digital economy,and upgrading of residents' consumption is the result of people seeking higher-level demand satisfaction and an important feature of high-quality economic development.Theoretically,this paper constructs a multi-sectoral general equilibrium model to examine the impact of industrial digitalization transformation on the upgrading of residential consumption structure.The results show that industrial digitalization can promote the advanced consumption structure by affecting the relative prices between two types of consumer goods and the diversification of consumption structure through the long-tail effect.The subsequent empirical analysis,using a panel fixed effects model,affirms the main findings and mechanisms of action described previously,and in further analysis,it is found that the driving effect of industrial digitalization on consumption structure upgrading is more pronounced in regions with lower levels of economic development and more pronounced for residents with lower income levels,reflecting a certain degree of inclusiveness.The main conclusions of this paper have profound policy implications:industrial digital transformation is an important shift on the supply side,which represents the future direction of China's industrial ecology reconstruction;the upgrading of residents' consumption structure is a change on the demand side,so using industrial digital transformation to promote residents' consumption structure upgrading can be an effective way to boost domestic demand with supply-side structural reform and lead high-quality economic development with the new development paradigm.At the same time,the positive effect of industrial digital transformation on promoting the upgrading of residents' consumption also confirms the compatibility of digital economy and high-quality economic development from the perspective of combining supply and demand.