播期对早中稻产量和品质的影响

Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Early and Middle Rice

选用早熟和中熟粳稻各4份,研究播期[5月5日(T1)、5月11日(T2)、5月17日(T3)、5月23日(T4)、5月29日(T5)、6月4日(T6)、6月10日(T7)、6月16日(T8)、6月22日(T9)、6月28日(T10)]对早中稻产量和品质的影响,并对不同播期下早中稻产量及品质相关性状进行主成分分析,然后基于产量和垩白度,采用GGE双标图对试验材料和播期进行综合评价,以期为黄淮海地区水稻大田种植中适宜水稻类型和播期的选择提供理论依据。结果表明,播期对水稻产量和品质均具有极显著影响。早中熟水稻的播种至抽穗时长总体上均随播期的推迟而缩短;而生育期的变化因试验材料而异,在T1播期下,早中稻生育期均最长,中稻在T6播期下生育期均最短。茎秆长度、茎秆直径、剑叶长度等在早稻中变幅较大,而单株穗数、结实率和千粒质量在中稻中变幅较大。随着播期的推迟,早中熟水稻产量总体均呈先增后降再增的趋势。其中,早稻A1(TH2)、A2(华香粳2号)和A4(金稻272)均在T4下产量最高,分别为5902.09 kg/hm^(2)、5569.03 kg/hm^(2)和8916.24 kg/hm^(2);早稻A3(金稻572)在T3下产量最高,为10194.01kg/hm^(2);在T6下产量均最低。中稻临秀6812、徐60233、临稻10号、南粳9308均在T4下产量最高,分别为9352.54、9515.23、9179.88、7925.09 kg/hm^(2),在T1下产量均最低。早中熟水稻籽粒中粗蛋白含量均随着播期的推迟总体呈先增后降再增的趋势;早中熟水稻直链淀粉含量均随着播期的推迟总体呈先降再增的趋势;垩白度在早稻中随着播期的推迟总体呈降低趋势,而在中稻中随播期的推迟总体呈先降低后上升的趋势。主成分分析结果表明,T1、T2和T3播期能够较好地区分不同熟期类型水稻材料,即不同熟期类型水稻材料的性状在该播期下能够充分表达;GEE模型分析结果表明,材料A3和A4、播期T3和T2的综合评分较高。

The effect of sowing dates[May 5(T1),May 11(T2),May 17(T3),May 23(T4),May 29(T5),June 4(T6),June 10(T7),June 16(T8),June 22(T9)and June 28(T10)]on yield and quality of different maturity types of rice was studied with four portions each for early and middle rice as experimental materials.Principal components of yield and quality related characters of early and middle rice under different sowing dates were analyzed,and a comprehensive evaluation of the stability of experimental materials and sowing dates was conducted using GGE biplot based on yield and chalkiness,so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of suitable rice types and sowing dates in rice field planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results showed that sowing date had a significant impact on both rice yield and quality.The duration from sowing to heading for early and middle rice generally decreased with the delay of sowing date.The changes of growth period varied depending on the experimental materials.Under T1 treatment,early and middle rice had the longest growth period,and middle rice had the shortest growth period under T6 treatment.The length and diameter of stem,as well as the length of sword leaf,varied greatly in early rice,while the number of panicles per plant,seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight varied greatly in middle rice.The overall yield of early and middle rice showed a trend of first increase,then decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.Among them,early rice A1(TH2),A2(Huaxiangjing 2)and A4(Jindao 272)had the highest yields under T4 treatment,which were 5 902.09 kg/ha,5 569.03 kg/ha and 8 916.24 kg/ha,respectively;early rice A3(Jindao572)had the highest yield of 10 194.01 kg/ha under T3 treatment;the lowest yields were obtained under T6 treatment.The yields of middle rice Linxiu 6812,Xu 60233,Lindao 10 and Nanjing 9308 were the highest under T4 treatment,which were 9 352.54 kg/ha,9 515.23 kg/ha,9 179.88 kg/ha and 7 925.09kg/ha,respectively;the yields were the lowest under T1 treatment.The crude protein content in grain of early and middle rice showed an overall trend of first increase,then decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.The amylose content in grain of early and middle rice showed an overall trend of first decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.The chalkiness degree of grain of early rice generally decreased with the delay of sowing date,while for middle rice,it showed an overall trend of first decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.The results of principal component analysis indicated that T1,T2,and T3 could effectively distinguish different maturity types of rice materials,that was,the traits of different maturity types of rice materials could be fully expressed under these sowing dates.The analysis results of the GEE model indicated that the comprehensive scores of materials A3 and A4,sowing dates T3 and T2 were relatively higher.