人才生态环境促进城市科技人才集聚的实现路径——基于必要条件分析(NCA)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法的研究

Agglomeration Path of Urban Scientific and Technological Talents Promoting by the Talent Ecological Environment:Research Based on NCA and fsQCA Methods

针对如何基于城市发展差异协同人才生态环境内部各要素关系、营造良好人才生态环境,更好地促进城市科技人才集聚的问题,鉴于现有相关研究侧重分析单个要素与科技人才集聚现象之间的净效应及忽略人才生态环境内部要素之间相互作用及要素组合的复杂影响,基于人才生态环境理论,以中国36个城市为案例,运用必要条件分析(NCA)与模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)相结合的方法,探究人才生态环境中各要素协同驱动城市科技人才集聚的实现路径,从整体上揭示人才生态环境与科技人才集聚现象之间的复杂因果关系,为城市制定科技人才引用育留政策提供实践参考。结果发现:(1)单一人才生态环境要素并不是实现城市科技人才高集聚的必要条件,但是构建优质科技创新环境在其中发挥比较普适的作用;(2)城市科技人才高集聚是由人才生态环境中多要素共同作用形成的等效结果,可由4种人才生态环境驱动实现,分别为经济★科创★文教均衡驱动型、科创★服务双重驱动型、经济★科创双重驱动型、宜居★服务双重驱动型;(3)有3种城市人才生态环境会抑制城市科技人才集聚,分别为经济★服务抑制型、经济★科创★服务抑制型、科创★宜居抑制型;(4)中国城市科技人才集聚主要形成了以长三角地区、粤港澳大湾区和京津冀经济圈的东部城市群为中心,以中西部城市群为外围的空间集聚格局。

Aiming at the problem of how to coordinate the relationship between the internal elements of the talent ecological environment based on the differences in urban development,create a good talent ecological environment,and better promote the agglomeration of urban scientific and technological talents,in view of the existing related research focusing on the analysis of the net effect between individual elements and the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents,and ignoring the interaction between the internal elements of talent ecological environment and complex influence of the combination of elements,based on the theory of talent ecological environment,taking 36 cities in China as cases,using the method of necessary condition analysis(NCA)and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA),this paper explores the realization path of the synergy of various elements in the talent ecological environment to drive the agglomeration of urban scientific and technological talents,reveals the complex causal relationship between the talent ecological environment and the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents as a whole,and provides practical reference for the city to formulate the policy of citing and retaining scientific and technological talents.The results show that:(1)The single talent ecological environment factor is not a necessary condition to realize the high concentration of urban scientific and technological talents,but the construction of highquality scientific and technological innovation environment plays a more universal role in it.(2)The high concentration of urban scientific and technological talents is the equivalent result of the joint action of multiple factors in the talent ecological environment,which can be driven by four kinds of talent ecological environment,namely,economy★science and technology innovation★culture and education balance drive type,science and technology innovation★service double drive type,economy★science and technology innovation double drive type,livable★service double drive type.(3)There are three kinds of urban talent ecological environment that will inhibit the agglomeration of urban scientific and technological talents,namely,economic★service inhibition,economic★science and technology★service inhibition,and science and technology★livable inhibition.(4)The agglomeration of science and technology talents in Chinese cities mainly forms a spatial agglomeration pattern with the eastern urban agglomerations of the Yangtze River Delta region,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle as the center,and the central and western urban agglomerations as the periphery.