法制化视域下完善科技伦理治理机制研究

Research on Improving the Governance Mechanism of Science and Technology Ethics Under Legal Vision

我国科技创新快速发展,面临的科技伦理挑战日益增多,为应对技术发展与应用中日益凸显的伦理矛盾,科技伦理治理迎来了法治建构的新任务。鉴于科技法律治理与科技伦理治理的底层逻辑有着一定差异性,以适度法制化作为切入点,分析科技伦理治理与法律治理融合机制。通过厘清科技伦理治理相关概念和国内外研究现状,立足于法律治理与科技治理的关联性,指出科技伦理治理法制化能够为科技活动划定边界,有效回应并规范涉及科技应用行为,推动负责任的科技创新与应用;同时,科技伦理法制化要求在法律层面上作出伦理规范,特别是有针对性地关注新兴科技领域相关伦理问题,因此从实体化权利义务、多层次规范体系的构建等角度出发,提出依托法律规范、伦理委员会运转、科技伦理审查等治理有效手段进一步健全完善科技伦理治理机制,增强伦理治理效能。

With the rapid development of scientific and technological innovation in China,the challenges of science and technology ethics are increasing.In order to cope with the increasingly prominent ethical contradictions in the development and application of technology,the governance of science and technology ethics has ushered in a new task of constructing the rule of law.In view of the differences between the underlying logic of science and technology legal governance and science and technology ethics governance,the integration mechanism of science and technology ethics governance and legal governance is analyzed with appropriate legalization as the entry point.By clarifying the relevant concepts of science and technology ethics governance and the current situation of research at home and abroad,based on the correlation between legal governance and science and technology governance,this paper points out that the legalization of science and technology ethics governance can delimit the boundary for science and technology activities,effectively respond to and standardize the behavior involving the application of science and technology,and promote the responsible innovation and application of science and technology.At the same time,the legalization of science and technology ethics requires the ethical norms at the legal level,especially the targeted ethical issues in the field of emerging science and technology,and from the perspective of materialized rights and obligations and the construction of a multi-level standard system,therefore,it proposes to further improve the governance mechanism of science and technology ethics,and enhance the effectiveness of effective governance means such as legal norms,the operation of the ethics committee,and the review of science and technology ethics.