甘蓝基质块苗移栽机双排链式栽植装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Double⁃row Chain Planting Device for Cabbage Substrate Block Seedlings

针对甘蓝传统栽植装置存在栽植深浅不一、倒伏率及伤苗率高、影响机收作业性能的问题,以甘蓝基质块苗为对象,设计了一种双排链式栽植装置,通过对该装置及关键部件进行理论分析,确定装置的工作参数。搭建甘蓝基质块苗双排链式栽植装置试验台,以前进速度、栽植频率、栽植器内夹板夹力为试验因素对倒伏率和伤苗率进行三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合试验:通过Design-Expert 8.0.6软件建立回归模型,分析了各因素对指标的影响关系,同时采用响应面法对影响因素进行了综合优化,得到最优参数组合:前进速度1.6 km/h、栽植频率57株/min、内夹板夹力91.83 N,对应倒伏率2.9%、伤苗率2.83%。对参数组合进行台架试验验证,结果为倒伏率3.13%、伤苗率3.07%,与优化结果基本一致,验证了所建模型与优化参数的合理性。田间试验结果为:倒伏率3.35%、伤苗率3.14%,与两指标的优化结果相对误差分别为0.45%和0.31%,表明该装置具有较高的稳定性。

In view of the problems of different planting depths,high lodging rate and seedling injury rate in traditional cabbage planting devices,which affect the workability of machine harvesting,a double-row chain planting device was designed for cabbage substrate block seedlings,through theoretical analysis of the device and key components,the operating parameters of the device were determined.A double-row chain planting device test bench for cabbage substrate block seedlings was built,and the three-factor five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out on lodging rate and seedling injury rate with forward speed,planting frequency,and clamping force of splint in the planter as test factors:through Design-Expert 8.0.6 software,the regression model of each influencing factor on the index was established,and the relationship between influencing factors on the index was analyzed,while the response surface method was used to optimize the influencing factors comprehensively,and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained:forward speed was 1.6 km/h,planting frequency was 57 plants/min,internal splint clamping force was 91.83 N,corresponding to the lodging rate of 2.9%and seedling injury rate of 2.83%.The combination of parameters was verified by bench test,the lodging rate was 3.13%and the seedling injury rate was 3.07%,which were basically consistent with the optimization results,which verified the rationality of the built model and the optimized parameters.Field test results showed that the lodging rate was 3.35%,the seedling injury rate was 3.14%,and the relative errors with optimized results of the two indicators were 0.45%and 0.31%,indicating that the device had high stability.