不同农用轮胎对东北黑土区土壤压实的影响

Influence of Agricultural Tire Technology Innovation on Soil Compaction in Black Soil Region Northeast China

为探究不同农用轮胎对东北黑土区土壤压实的影响,探索减少土壤压实、改善农田生态、保护黑土地的有效路径,本文以东北地区典型黑土耕地为对象,在玉米播种环节开展基于不同农用轮胎的田间作业对比试验。试验设置超低压子午线和普通子午线轮胎2种农用轮胎类型,采用科学取样法统计土壤紧实度、土壤含水率、土壤容重及土壤孔隙度4个关键土壤物性参数。在此基础上,基于CRITIC-熵权法构建土壤压实综合评价模型,并对普通子午线轮胎(CK)、超低压子午线轮胎(VF)在深度5、10、15、20 cm处的土壤压实状况进行统计学评价。试验结果表明,在土壤深度0~20 cm内,相对于普通子午线轮胎,超低压子午线轮胎使土壤紧实度降低11.38%、7.97%、5.36%、4.55%,土壤含水率提高11.06%、10.07%、7.37%、5.95%,土壤容重降低3.71%、3.81%、3.12%、2.73%,土壤孔隙度提高11.13%、12.25%、8.92%、5.86%。不同处理的土壤综合评价得分由大到小排序为VF5、VF10、CK5、VF15、CK10、VF20、CK15、CK20,说明在同等条件下,相对普通子午线轮胎,超低压子午线轮胎压实后土壤综合状况更好。说明超低压子午线轮胎对于降低黑土压实、维护土壤物理环境具有积极作用,有助于保护黑土地、保障国家粮食安全。

In order to explore the influence of different agricultural tires on soil compaction in northeast black soil area,explore effective ways to reduce soil compaction,improve farmland ecology and protect black land,typical black soil cultivated land in northeast China was taken as object,and field operation comparative experiments were carried out based on different agricultural tires in the link of corn seeding.Two types of agricultural tires,ultra⁃low pressure radial tire and ordinary radial tire,were set up in the experiment.Four key soil physical property parameters,namely soil compactness,soil moisture content,soil bulk density and soil porosity,were calculated by scientific sampling method.On this basis,a comprehensive evaluation model of soil compaction was established based on CRITIC Entropy weight method,and the soil compaction status of ordinary radial tire(CK)and ultra⁃low pressure radial tire(VF)at depth of 5 cm,10 cm,15 cm and 20 cm was evaluated statistically.The test results showed that in 0~20 cm soil depth,compared with radial tire,ultra⁃low pressure radial tire reduced soil compactness by 11.38%,7.97%,5.36%and 4.55%,and increased soil moisture content by 11.06%,10.07%,7.37%and 5.95%,respectively.Soil bulk density was reduced by 3.71%,3.81%,3.12%and 2.73%,and soil porosity was increased by 11.13%,12.25%,8.92%and 5.86%,respectively.The soil comprehensive evaluation scores of different treatments in descending order were VF5,VF10,CK5,VF15,CK10,VF20,CK15,CK20,indicating that under the same conditions,the soil comprehensive condition of compacting ultra⁃low pressure radial tire was better than that of ordinary radial tire.The results showed that ultra⁃low pressure radial tire had positive effects on reducing compaction of black soil and maintaining soil physical environment,which was helpful to protect black soil and ensure national food security.