城市社区居民获得感何以提升——基于CLDS 2014数据的发现

How to improve the sense of fulfillment for urban community residents:A discovery based on CLDS 2014 data

“获得感”已成为当前衡量改革发展成果共享程度和评价民众生活质量的一个重要指标。城市社区居民的获得感是城市社区居民在客观现实满足了自身需求后产生的一种正向积极的感受或评价。结合需求理论构建了测量城市社区居民获得感的指标体系,并利用CLDS 2014的数据分析了可能的影响因素。研究发现:2014年我国城市社区居民获得感一般,有待提升。随着全面建成小康社会,居民的获得感有了显著提升;来自社区维度的获得感低于来自个体层面的获得感;社区身份、公平感、社会预期、社会信任等对城市社区居民的获得感有显著影响。为此,需要调节收入差距,稳定和扩大就业,提升居民个体获得感;培育社区意识,促进社区建设,提升居民社区层面获得感;营造公平氛围,促进社区信任,提升居民获得感。

“Sense of fulfillment”has become an important indicator for measuring the extent to which reform achievements are shared and for evaluating the quality of people’s lives.The“sense of fulfillment”experienced by residents of urban communities is a positive feeling or evaluation that occurs when they are able to meet their practical needs.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the community-level factors that may influence community residents’assessment of their objective achievements.The sense of fulfillment of community residents includes both an evaluation from the objective reality of an individual to meet the needs,and from the objective reality of the community,with the former being measured from the perspective of an individual’s work,economy,life and health,and the latter being measured in terms of the sense of community belonging,trust,security and interaction.The paper makes two main contributions.Firstly,it establishes an indicator system to evaluate the sense of fulfillment of community residents from two dimensions:as individuals and as community members.It empowers the system with the independent weight method.The study finds that the sense of fulfillment of residents in urban communities in China is generally low in 2014 and needs improving.There is an imbalance,particularly evident in the low sense of achievement in work and economics,as well as a lack of fulfillment experienced by community members.With the establishment of a prosperous society and the successful implementation of targeted poverty alleviation,residents’sense of fulfillment has greatly improved.Secondly,this paper argues that several cognitive factors,such as subjective social status,perception of fairness,social security and social trust,can influence the development of subjective feelings among residents in urban communities.The research finds that both objective acquisition and subjective cognition factors affect the sense of fulfillment among community residents.At the objective level,income and social security levels reflect the actual earnings of community residents,which have an impact on their sense of fulfillment.However,there is a phenomenon of blunting,wherein despite an increase in income,people do not significantly feel an improvement in their sense of fulfillment.At the subjective level,individuals’cognition of social expectations and their subjective social class reflect their expectations of life.Meanwhile,the sense of justice and trust at the community level reflects the level of community integration experienced by individuals,which significantly impacts the sense of fulfillment among urban community residents.Therefore,it is necessary to address the income gap,stabilize and increase employment opportunities,and enhance residents’sense of personal fulfillment.At the community level,this paper proposes to foster a sense of community awareness,promote community development,and enhance residents’sense of fulfillment.Ultimately,what also needs to be done is to create a fair environment,promote trust within the community,and further enhance residents’sense of fulfillment.