多技术融合的水利大坝变形监测研究

Deformation monitoring studies of water conservancy dams based on multi technology fusion

传统大坝安全监测手段主要采用“单点”式的监测模式,需要在坝体上设置监测点,数量有限,且不能对大坝进行覆盖式的监测。而采用三维激光扫描技术对坝体进行了全方位、大面积、高效率扫描,可获取海量三维点云数据。通过两期坝体点云数据模型,全面分析大坝的形变量,并结合多波束测深系统对坝前坝后的水下地形进行扫描,获取水下三维点云数据,分析坝前坝后水下淤积冲刷情况,为大坝安全监测提供有利数据。通过工程实例证明了三维激光扫描技术与多波束技术在大坝变形监测上的可行性与有效性。

Traditional dam safety monitoring methods mainly adopt a"single point"monitoring mode,which requires the establishment of monitoring points on the dam body and the limited number cannot cover the dam.3D laser scanning technology is used in the article to have the dam body scanned in all directions,large areas,and high efficiency,so as to obtain massive 3D point cloud data.Through two phases of dam point cloud data models,the deformation variables of the dam get analyzed comprehensively.In combination with a multi beam bathymetric system,the underwater terrain in front of and behind the dam is scanned to obtain underwater 3D point cloud data,which analyzes the underwater sedimentation and erosion situation in front of and behind the dam,and provides favorable data for dam safety monitoring.The feasibility and effectiveness of both 3D laser scanning technology and multi beam technology in dam deformation monitoring are proved through engineering examples.