生成式人工智能介入教育领域的机遇、风险与规避进路——基于ChatGPT的讨论与分析

Opportunities, Risks and Avoidance Approaches of Generative Artificial Intelligence Intervention in Education Field: Discussion and analysis based on ChatGPT

教育从不是回避新技术的真空地带。新技术在教育领域的运用,必定会经历教育与技术双向适应、人机相互形塑的过程。ChatGPT类生成式人工智能将会为教育领域带来何种机遇和风险,以及该如何规避风险,值得深究。一方面,ChatGPT为教育领域带来新机遇。例如,通过教育资源的整合优化实现连续性人机协同、创建个性化的学习体验、激发学生的学习主动性、辅助完成部分例行性工作、提升教学质量与效率等。另一方面,对ChatGPT的不合理使用会带来潜在的风险,如学生主体性异化风险、教学过程异化风险、知识异化风险以及教育伦理风险等。为此,需要通过促进技术回归育人本位以夯实学生主体地位,强化教学过程的情感互动以弱化人工智能的负面影响,提高师生数字素养以推动知识教育向智慧教育转变,推进数字伦理建设以确保教育场域的清朗性等,促进教育朝着更加公平公正的方向发展。

Education has never been a vacuum to avoid modern technology.As the use of current technologies in education is bound to undergo a two-way adaptation process between education and technology,as well as a mutual shaping between humans and machines,it is worthwhile to explore what opportunities and risks generative AI like ChatGPT will bring to the education sector and how to avoid them.On the one hand,ChatGPT brings fresh opportunities for education,such as achieving continuous human-computer collaboration through the integration and optimization of educational resources,creating personalized learning experiences,stimulating students'learning initiative,assisting in the completion of some routine tasks,and improving the quality and efficiency of teaching and learning,etc.On the other hand,ChatGPT is not suitable for education and it is worth exploring how to avoid the risks.On the other hand,the irrational use of ChatGPT poses potential risks,such as the risk of student subjectivity,the risk of alienation from the teaching process and knowledge,and the risk of educational ethics.For this reason,it is necessary to return technology to the essence of human education to consolidate the subjective position of students,strengthen the emotional interaction of the teaching process,weaken the negative impact of artificial intelligence,improve the digital literacy of teachers and students,and then promote the transformation of knowledge to wisdom in education,promote the construction of digital ethics,ensure the clarity of the educational field,and promote the development of education in the direction of greater fairness and justice.