四川省某地1035名老年人心理状况特点及相关性分析

Characteristics and Correlation Analysis of the Psychological Status of 1035 Elderly People in the Place in Sichuan Province

目的通过对成都市某地老年人开展问卷调查,了解老年人心理状况,探索老年人不同心理状况之间的相关性,为相关部门早期建立老年人心理状况干预策略找准切入点。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,按照东、西、南、北、中确定抽样的社区,对社区在册老年人进行随机抽样,确定调查人群。2022年3月5日至2022年7月22日采用自制问卷量表对社区老年人开展现场调查,收集老年人基本信息、认知状况、抑郁状况、焦虑状况、精神病性症状等,等级资料采用秩和检验,等级资料相关性采用spearman相关分析,二分类资料采用卡方检验。结果不同性别老年人社会支持(Z=-2.348,P=0.019)、焦虑(χ^(2)=11.434,P=0.001)、认知障碍(χ^(2)=120.56,P<0.001)差异具有统计学意义;不同婚姻状态老年人认知障碍(χ^(2)=5.105,P=0.024)差异具有统计学意义;不同职业类型老年人在社会支持(H=14.512,P=0.006)、抑郁(χ^(2)=7.033,P=0.008)、认知障碍(χ^(2)=29.152,P<0.001)差异具有统计学意义;不同文化程度老年人在社会支持(H=12.019,P=0.017)、认知障碍(χ^(2)=56.752,P<0.001)差异具体统计学差异。老年人在社会支持与抑郁(r=-0.079,P=0.011)、社会支持与焦虑(r=-0.092,P=0.003)、认知障碍与抑郁(r=0.117,P<0.001)、认知障碍与焦虑(r=0.179,P<0.001)、认知障碍与精神疾病症状(r=0.188 P<0.001)、抑郁与焦虑(r=0.320 P<0.001)、抑郁与精神疾病症状(r=0.103,P=0.001)、焦虑与精神疾病症状(r=0.215,P<0.001)等方面相关性显著。结论老年人不同人口学特征的心理状况存在差异较大,不同心理状况之间存在一定相关关系,相关部门应根据老年人口学不同特征制定心理状况综合干预策略,出现某一方面心理状况时,应开展与之相关的心理状况排查,才能早期有效改善老年人的心理状况,促进健康老龄化。

Objective To understand the psychological status of the elderly,through a survey of the elderly in Chengdu,to explore the correlation between the different psychological status of the elderly,to find the cut-in point for the related departments to establish the intervention strategy of the psychological status of the elderly in the early stage.Methods By using a multi-stage sampling method,the sampled communities were selected according to the east,west,south,north,and central.From March 5,2022 to July 22,2022,a self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a field survey among the elderly in the community,collected basic information,cognitive status,depression status,anxiety status,psychotic symptoms of the elderly,etc.chi-square test and rank sum test were used to analyze the differences of psychological status among the elderly with different demographic characteristics,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation among the different psychological status of the elderly.Results It is based on the chi-square and rank sum test on the psychological status of the elderly with different demographic characteristics.There was statistically significant difference among the elderly in terms of social support(Z=-2.348,P=0.019),anxiety(χ2=11.434,P=0.001),and cognitive impairment(χ2=120.56,P<0.001).There was a statistically significant difference in cognitive impairment(χ2=5.105,P=0.024)among the elderly with different marital status.There were statistically significant differences in social support(H=14.512,P=0.006),depression(χ2=7.033,P=0.008),and cognitive impairment(χ2=29.152,P<0.001)among the elderly of different occupational types.There were statistically significant differences in social support(H=12.019,P=0.017)and cognitive impairment(χ2=56.752,P<0.001)among the elderly with different educational levels.There were significantly correlated with social support and depression(r=-0.079,P=0.011),social support and anxiety(r=-0.092,P=0.003),cognitive impairment and depression(r=0.117,P<0.001),and cognitive impairment and anxiety(r=0.179,P<0.001),cognitive impairment and symptoms of mental illness(r=0.188,P<0.001),depression and anxiety(r=0.320,P<0.001),depression and symptoms of mental illness(r=0.103,P=0.001),anxiety and symptoms of mental illness(r=0.215,P<0.001).Conclusions It is different in the psychological status of the elderly with different demographic characteristics,and there is a correlation between different psychological statuses.The relevant departments should formulate comprehensive intervention strategies according to the different demographic characteristics of the elderly,when a single mental state is found,it is necessary to carry out other related mental state investigations,which can effectively improve the mental state of the elderly and promote healthy aging.