高速列车抗蛇行减振器动态模型及特性研究

Study on Dynamic Model and Characteristics of Yaw Damper for High Speed Train

针对高速列车油液单向流动式抗蛇行减振器,考虑其节点和油液刚度、活塞质量、流量泄漏等问题,采用静态试验获得阻尼阀卸荷特性,根据油液的压力流量方程建立减振器非线性动态模型,通过数值仿真和试验比较了减振器在不同激扰幅值和频率下的阻尼力、动态刚度和动态阻尼,误差均在5%以内;研究了减振器静态阻尼力-速度曲线与动态刚度、动态阻尼之间的关系。实验结果表明:减振器静态阻尼曲线在卸荷点之前的非线性对动态参数影响显著,激励幅值越小影响越大;保持卸荷点前后阻尼不变,增大卸荷速度能提高大激扰幅值和高激扰频率下的动态刚度和动态阻尼;固定卸荷速度、增大卸荷力,动态刚度和动态阻尼均增大。

According to oil pressure-flow equation,a nonlinear physical model of hydrualic oil uniflow yaw damper of high-speed train,based on the unloading characteristics of the damping valve obtained from static tests,was established by taking into account of factors such as node and oil stiffness,piston mass,flow leakage,etc.The damping force,dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping of the yaw damper under different amplitude and frequency excitation were compared by means of numerical simulation and experimental test,indicating that the error was within 5%.The relationship between the static damping force-velocity curve and the dynamic stiffness and damping of the yaw damper was studied.The results show that the non-linearity of the static damping curve of the yaw damper before the unloading point has a significant influence on the dynamic parameters,the smaller the amplitude,the greater the impact.Keeping the damping constant before and after the unloading point and increasing the unloading speed can greatly increase the dynamic stiffness and damping under large-amplitude and high-frequency excitation.Keeping the unloading speed constant and increasing the unloading force,the dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping both increase.