轻罪立法的实践悖论与法理反思

Practical Paradox and Jurisprudential Reflection of Minor Crimes Legislation

在积极刑法观的指导下,轻罪立法成为近年我国刑事立法的重要特征。以危险驾驶罪为代表,轻罪立法有其积极意义,但导致的问题也值得理性反思。刑法及时回应社会现实增设新罪是必要的,但改变和动摇我国传统违法与犯罪区分的二元制裁体系,特别是为了强化刑法参与社会治理增设轻罪,将本可以由行政法等其他法律或者社会规范调整的行为纳入刑法范围,不应提倡。我国重刑主义的法律传统、权力分配体制以及司法运行机制根本上决定了不宜降低犯罪门槛、积极地推进轻罪立法。传统违法与犯罪区分的二元制裁体系在我国具有制度及其运行机制的适宜性,对于有效避免刑法过度干预社会具有重要的制度意义,应继续坚持。“不严不厉”的刑法结构更适合我国,未来我国刑法结构应避免滑向“又严又厉”。

Guided by the positive view of criminal law,misdemeanor legislation has become an important feature of Chinese criminal law in recent years.The importance of misdemeanor legislation cannot be denied,but its problems as represented by the crime of dangerous driving calls for rational reflection.Though it is necessary to keep up with social needs by criminalizing,changing or challenging the binary sanction system of our traditional distinction between violation of law and crime,especially in order to strengthen the participation of criminal law in social governance,is not advocated.Our traditional culture of severe punishment,system of power distribution and judicial mechanism fundamentally make it inappropriate to lower the threshold of crime and to promote misdemeanor legislation.The traditional binary sanction system of distinguishing between violation of law and crime suits the system and its mechanism in China,which has institutional significance for effectively avoiding excessive intervention of criminal law and should be maintained.The structure of the criminal law that is neither strict nor severe is more suitable for our country.In the future,Chinese criminal law should avoid slipping into being both strict and severe.