专门管辖制度研究

On Special Jurisdiction

在我国,专门管辖是指根据案件类型在同一辖区内的地方法院、专门法院以及不同类型的专门法院之间分配民商事一审案件的管辖权,其与级别管辖并行,同属事物管辖的概念范畴。不过,即便将我国的专门管辖归入事物管辖的概念范畴,专门管辖的性质亦与大陆法系国家例如德国或奥地利的事物管辖的性质有别,而是具有专属性,当事人不得通过明示协议或应诉管辖的途径对其进行创设或变更。同时,专门管辖在审查和移送等方面亦更接近于德国或奥地利的诉讼途径管辖,而非事物管辖。因此,为了避免与加快解决专门管辖冲突,我国未来有必要参照比较法上有关诉讼途径管辖的规范对专门管辖的审查和移送作出特别规制。

In China,special jurisdiction means that special courts and general courts have different jurisdiction over civil and commercial cases in the first instance and it is a kind of subject-matter jurisdiction.That being said,it is different from the correspondent institution in Germany or Austria in that the parties may not change or exclude it by written or silent jurisdiction agreement.As to its examination and transfer,the special jurisdiction is close to the Rechtswegzuständigkeit in Germany or Austria,but much different from the subject-matter jurisdiction.Legal provisions over examination and transfer of the special jurisdiction are completely necessary in order to avoid the conflict between courts of special jurisdiction and courts of general jurisdiction.