政策工具理论下我国老年认知障碍政策文本分析

Analysis of Policy Texts on Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly in China from the Perspective of Policy Tools

目的:分析我国老年认知障碍领域相关政策文本,对比研究各类政策工具的分布特点,为政府政策制定及调整提供借鉴。方法:通过对相关政策进行整理,运用内容分析法,从政策工具理论和SPO模型两个维度对我国国家层面颁布的59个老年认知障碍领域相关政策进行编码讨论。结果:共编码103条,各类政策工具占比分别为环境型49.51%,供给型34.96%和需求型15.53%;SPO模型各层面占比分别为结构45.63%,过程37.86%和结果16.50%。相关政策文本中环境型政策工具应用最广泛,供给型政策工具次之,需求型政策工具利用较低。结论:我国老年认知障碍相关政策存在环境与结构依赖较为严重等问题,需平衡三类工具的使用结构;调整SPO模型各层面内部政策工具的使用,促进老年认知障碍领域防治管理体系的完善。

Objective:To analyze the relevant policy texts in the field of elderly cognitive impairment in China,and compare the distribution characteristics of various policy tools,so as to provide reference for governmental policy formulation and adjustment.Methods:By sorting out relevant policies and using content analysis method,59 policies in the field of cognitive impairment in the elderly issued at the national level were coded and discussed from two dimensions of policy tool theory and SPO model.Results:A total of 103 policy tools were coded,in which environmental policy tools,supply policy tools and demand policy tools accounted for 49.51%,34.96%and 15.53%,respectively.The proportions of each level of SPO model was 45.63%for structure,37.86%for process and 16.50%for result.In the relevant policy texts,environmental policy tools were most widely used,followed by the supply policy tools and demand policy tools.Conclusion:There were some problems in the policies related to the cognitive impairment of the elderly in China,such as the serious dependence on environment and structure.It is necessary to balance the use structure of these three kinds of tools,adjust the use of internal policy tools at all levels of the SPO model,and promote the improvement of the prevention and management system in the field of elderly cognitive impairment.